Exam 2

Question 1

Acute tolerance

Answer 1

tolerance after a single use of drug

Question 2

metabolic tolerance

Answer 2

tolerance when the body speeds up metabolism in liver enzymes, alcohol

Question 3

cellular tolerance

Answer 3

tolerance that occurs when the cell adapts to the presence of a drug by changing receptor density

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

tendency of the body to remain at equilibrium, even when faced with external changes

Question 5

downregulation

Answer 5

the process by which a cell decreases the number of receptors in response to an increased amount of neurotransmitter in the synapse

Question 6

upregulation

Answer 6

the process by which a cell increases the number of receptors in the synapse

Question 7

behavioral tolerance

Answer 7

tolerance that occurs when people learn to “handle themselves” while on a drug by developing resistance to the drug’s effects.

Question 8

cross tolerance

Answer 8

resistance to the effects of a drug as a result of tolerance previously developed to a pharmacologically similar compound

Question 9

reverse tolerance

Answer 9

also called sensitization or kindling, this is when repeated use of a drug causes increased sensitivity to its effect

Question 10

select tolerance

Answer 10

when the body develops a tolerance to different aspects of the drug at different rates

Question 11

withdrawal

Answer 11

the physical symptoms that occur upon abrupt discontinuation of chronically used drug

Question 12

physical dependence

Answer 12

physical adaptations to drug use, including tolerance and withdraw

Question 13

addiction

Answer 13

the compulsive use of and preoccupation with a substance such that it cause physical, psychological, and/or social harm to user

Question 14

capture ratio

Answer 14

the number of people who try a drug divided by the number who become regular or habitual users

Question 15

interdiction

Answer 15

the action of intercepting and preventing access to a prohibited substance.