exam 2 Flashcards
contraceptive methods
-depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injection
-Nexplanon (implant, 3 years)
-hormonal IUD (Mirena, Skyla)
teaching for colposcopy with biopsy : considerations
-vaginal intercourse may be painful after procedure
and increase risk for infection and bleeding
-mild spotting or cramping may occur
-avoid tampons
-the cervix is sensitive post-biopsy, causing temporary discomfort
copper IUD patient education
-copper iud increases menstrual pain and bleeding
-does not protect against STIs
-copper IUD or para-gard contains no hormones, effective for 10 years
-Mirena - containes hormone, patient may have less bleeding, effective for 5 years
-Copper IUD creates toxic environment for sperm, preventing pregnancy
Genital Herpes Treatment and Management-Treatment:
-Acyclovir, Valacyclovir to reduce outbreaks, will decrease symptoms but not cure the infection
-Use condoms even during asymptomatic periods
-HSV is lifelong, and antivirals only suppress symptoms
testing for gonorrrhea
- culture swab from the cervix, rectum, or mouth is taken
-0Testing Methods: A culture swab from the cervix, rectum, or mouth is taken
-Urine nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)
-Gonorrhea can affect multiple sites, requiring specific site testing.
Trichomoniasis Symptoms and Diagnosis
• Symptoms:
- strawberry cervix
-Discharge characteristic? Bubbly - Itching, burning, vaginal irritation
- Pain during intercourse
- Caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, treated with Metronidazole (Flagyl).
Pap smear teaching guidelines
-Avoid douching, using tampons, or having intercourse 24-48 hours before the test
-Schedule test outside menstruation
- Explanation: Avoiding these prevents false results from cervical irritation.
Condyloma Acuminata (Genital Warts-HPV) Diagnosis and Treatment
-Painless, flesh-colored, cauliflower-like growths.
Treatment:
-Cryotherapy or laser removal
-HPV vaccine for prevention
-Explanation: HPV causes genital warts, a sexually transmitted infection.
Contraceptive Sponge Patient Education
- One size fits all
- Contains spermicide to kill sperm
- Can be inserted up to 6 hours before intercourse no more than 24hrs
Instructions for Use:
-Must remain in place for at least 6 hours after intercourse
-should not be reused
phases of ovarian cycle: FOLLICULAR
-begins on day 1 of mentstruation
-FSH stimulates folicle growth
-estrogen levels rise
Phases of Ovarian cycle: OVULATION
-occurs day 14
-LH surge triggers ovulation
phases of ovarian cycle: LUTEAL
-lasts 14 days after ovulation
-corpus luteum secretes progesterone
-ends when menstruating begins if fertilization doesn’t occur
difference in follicular and luteal phases
-folicular phase: varies in length and dominated by estrogen
-luteal phase: always last 14 days and dominated by progesterone
Breast Cancer Lump Assessment (please check the power point)
Concerning Findings:
-Hard, immovable lump
-Painless mass
-Nipple retraction
-Skin dimpling (“peau d’orange”)
-Spontaneous nipple discharge
-Bloody discharge in late phases
Benign Findings:
-Soft, movable lump
-Tender with menstrual cycle
First-Time Mammogram Preparation
Instructions:
-Do not use deodorant, lotion, or powder before the test
-Wear a two-piece outfit for convenience
-Expect mild discomfort from breast compression
Complication after mastectomy
Causes:
-Lymph node removal disrupts drainage
-Fluid buildup in the arm
Prevention:
-Avoid blood draws, IVs, and BP readings on the affected arm
-Wear compression sleeves if needed
-Elevate the arm regularly
HPV and Cervical Cancer Risk
-High-Risk HPV Strains: HPV 16 & HPV 18
Screening:
-Pap smear every 3 years (ages 21-29)
-Pap + HPV co-test every 5 years (ages 30-65)
Prevention:
-HPV vaccine (Gardasil) recommended for ages 9-45
-Use condoms for STI prevention
pap smear preparation guidelines
avoid before test:
-douching, tampons, intercourse 24-48 hours
-menstruation (reschedule if needed)
-avoiding these activities ensures the most accurate results by preventing cervical irritation
Best time for testing: mid cycle: 10-20 days of cycle)
Differences Between Syphilis and Herpes Ulcers
• Syphilis:
-Painless, firm ulcer (chancre)
-Appears 3 weeks after exposure
Genital Herpes:
-Painful, multiple vesicular lesions
-Tingling or burning before outbreak
Gonorrhea Treatment
First-Line Treatment:
-Ceftriaxone (IM injection) + Azithromycin (oral)
Reinfection Prevention:
-Test & treat all sexual partners
-Use condoms consistently
Genital Herpes Vesicular Lesions
Symptoms:
• Painful, grouped vesicles on an erythematous base
• Flu-like symptoms during first outbreak
Treatment:
• Acyclovir or Valacyclovir (daily suppressive therapy for recurrent outbreaks)
High-Risk HPV Screening and Testing
Recommended Testing:
-Pap smear every 3 years (ages 21-29)
-HPV DNA co-testing every 5 years (ages 30-65)
-Early detection of HPV prevents cervical cancer.
Bacterial Vaginosis Diagnosis
Symptoms:
-Thin, gray discharge with fishy odor
Diagnosis:
-Positive “whiff test” (fishy odor after adding KOH)
-Clue cells on microscopy
Treatment:
-Metronidazole (Flagyl) oral or gel
-BV results from disrupted vaginal flora, allowing overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria.
Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)
Screen for Allergies:
-Iodine or shellfish allergy
-Pre-Procedure:
-NSAIDs for cramping
-Antibiotics (if needed) to prevent infection
-HSG uses iodine contrast, which can trigger severe allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.
