Exam 2 Flashcards
- The Sertoli cell layer of the seminiferous tubules is divided into two layers by ___________.
a. Basal Lamina
b. Gap Junctions
c. Tight Junctions
d. Corona Radiata
e. Perivitelline membrane
f. None of the above
c. Tight Junctions
- In order to allow sperm to mature, the blood- testis barrier prevents immune cells access to sperm, and secretions of which hormones(s) cause immunosuppresssion in the testes?
a. TGF beta
b. IL 10
c. Actvin
d. A and B
e. B and C
f. All of the above
f. All of the above
The ____________ phase of spermatogenesis occurs in the basal compartment and this is where cells divide through mitosis
a. Adluminal
b. Leydig
c. Differentation
d. Determination
e. Proliferation
f. zombie
e. Proliferation
- The proximal adluminal compartment is where _____________ occurs during spermatogenesis
a. Mitosis
b. Meiosis
c. Fertilization
d. Testosterone synthesis
e. Aromatase inhibition
f. All of the above
b. Meiosis
- During the Golgi phase of maturation, the _________ migrates towards the opposing nuclear pole.
a. Centrosome
b. Nucleosome
c. Radiata
d. Nucleolus
e. Proacrosomic granules
f. Vampires
a. Centrosome
- During the cap phase of sperm maturation, the cap is primarily made up of the ___________
a. Centrosome
b. Nucleosome
c. Acrosome
d. Nucleolus
e. Proacromic granules
f. tail
c. Acrosome
- During DNA packing sperm, _____________ proteins condense the DNA, and __________ condense the whole chromatin into a toroid structure.
a. XIST; TSIX
b. Ca-depedant; spheroid
c. Histones; soienoids
d. Enzymes; transcriptomes
e; Hansels; Gretels
f. None of the above
c. Histones; soienoids
- The ___________ of sperm separates the middle and principle pieces
a. Centrosome
b. Postnuclear cap
c. Annules
d. Tail
e. Acrosome
f. Manchette
c. Annules
Which of the following are a part of the Follicular Phase?
a. Diestrous
b. Mestestrous
c. Proestrus
d. Estrus
e. A and B
f. C and D
f. C and D
Proestrus and estrus (a and b are luteal phase)
- ______________ is secreted by the ovary to elicit negative feedback only on the anterior pituitary.
a. Estradiol
b. Progestrone
c. Estrone
d. Estriol
e. Inhibin
f. None of the above
e. inhibin
- Which of the following is NOT a cause of anestrous in sheep?
a. Nursing
b. Poor nutrition
c. Pregnancy
d. Short Photoperiod
e. Disease
f. All of the above can cause anestrous in sheep
d. Short Photoperiod
- The _____________ gland helps maintain circadian rhythms by releasing the neurotransmitter, _____________
a. Pituitary; serotonin
b. Pituitary; dopamine
c. Adrenal; norepinephrine
d. Pineal; melatonin
e. Hardeirian; acetycholine
f. None of the above
d. Pineal; melatonin
- Nutritional anestrous may be mediated, in part, by the hormone _______________.
a. Dopamine
b. Norepineprhine
c. Melatonin
d. Inhibin
e. Leptin
f. Vitellogenin
e. Leptin
- Which of the following is NOT an example of pathogenic anestrous?
a. Pyometra
b. Cystic ovaries
c. Persistent CL
d. Mummified fetus
e. All of the above are examples of pathogenic anestrous
f. None of the above are examples of pathogenic anestrous
e. All of the above are examples of pathogenic anestrous
- In males, the _____________ nucleus of the hypothalamus controls the rhythmic secretion of GnRH with neuromodulator, _______________.
a. AVPV; dopamine
b. AVPV; kisspeptin
c. ARC; serotonin
d. Pineal; melatonin
e. Arc; kisspeptin
f. None of the above
e. Arc; kisspeptin
- Which of the following are responsible for the descent of the testes?
a. Scrotal ligament
b. Gubernaculum
c. Inguinal canal
d. Presence of Y chromosome
e. All of the above
f. None of the above
e. All of the above
- The _______________ muscle helps to regulate the temperature of the testes
a. Gluteals
b. Cracilis
c. Cremaster
d. Tunica dartos
e. A and B
f. C and D
f. C and D (Cremaster and Tunica dartos)
Which of the following can lead to infertility?
a. Varicocele
b. High temperature
c. Torsion
d. High PO2
e. Bell clapper deformity
f. All of the above
f. All of the above
Which of the following does NOT help regulate testicular temperature?
a. Pampiniform plexus
b. Tunica dartos
c. Counter current heat exchange
d. Autonomic nervous system
e. all of the above
f. All of the above except choice, “d.”
e. All of the above
- All animals develop as masculine or feminine, there are no intermediates. True or False
False
- __________ in the __________ nucleus in the hypothalamus is responsible for positive feedback actions to induce GnRH surge.
a. GnRh; SDN-POA
b. Kisspeptin; AVPV
c. Kisspeptin; Arc
d. Kisspeptin; SCN
e. Leptin; AVPV
f. Insulin; Arc
b. Kisspeptin; AVPV
- A characteristics of capillaries in the hypophyseal portal system is that they are ______________ to allow leakage of GnRH onto anterior pituitary
a. Fenestrated
b. Pampiniform plexus
c. Counter current hormone exchange
d. Very large
e. Contain tight junctions
f. None of the Above
a. Fenestrated
- ___________ Prevents estradiol from reaching the brain during differentiation of female phenotype.
a. Androgen binding protein
b. Albumin
c. Alpha fetoprotein
d. Gamma globulin
e. all of the above
f. None of the above
c. Alpha fetoprotein
- ________________ cells make estradiol in males.
a. Seminal vesicles
b. Prostate
c. Brain
d. Sertoli
e. A and B
f. C and D
f. C and D (Brain and Sertoli)
- Testosterone is converted to ________ in order to develop and activate the bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s Glands)
a. Estrone
b. Estradiol
c. Estriol
d. DHT
e. Epiandosterone
f. DHEA
d. DHT
- Depending upon the species, Sertoli cells can produce the hormone _____________.
a. Androstenone
b. Epiandrosterone
c. DHT
d. Inhibin
e. All of the above
f. None of the above
e. All of the above
- In mammals. the non-image-forming photoreceptor _______________ is found in the _____________ and helps regulate seasonal breeding and circadian rhythms
a. Opsin; pineal gland
b. Melatonin; pineal gland
c. Rhodopsin; brain
d. Rhodopsin; retina
e. Melanopsin; retina
f. Melanopsin; brain
e. Melanopsin; retina
- In birds, deep brain photoreceptor activation leads to _____________________
a. Increase of TSH activity
b. Increase of synthesis of T3
c. Activation in Dio-2
d. Reduction in Dio-3
e. Activation of GnRH
f. All of the above
f. All of the above
- Each year, birds who are long -day breeders go through gonadal _____________ in spring or during long-daylengths in our back yard poultry flocks.
a. Regression
b. Development
c. Recrudescence
d. Bilateral symmetry
e. Determination
f. Weregoats
c. Recrudescence
- In response to the hormone _____________, Leydig cells secrete __________, which is then can be converted to DHT by the enzyme ___________.
a. FSH; estronel aromatase
b. TSH; estradiol; aromatase
c. LH; testosterone; 5 alpha reductase
d. FSH; T3; Dio-2
e. FSH; T4: Dio-3
f. none of the above are correct
c. LH; testosterone; 5 alpha reductase
