Exam 2

Question 1

Stupa

Answer 1

a mound-like or hemispherical structure containing relics that is used as a place of meditation.

Question 2

What is a Pagoda?

Answer 2

A tiered tower with multiple eaves.

Question 3

What is the primary function of a Pagoda?

Answer 3

Religious functions, mainly Buddhist.

Question 4

What is Duogong?

Answer 4

A Chinese system of timber construction utilizing joinery and interlocking brackets.

Question 5

Purpose of the Duogong system?

Answer 5

To transfer the weight of the roof evenly to the columns below.

Question 6

What is a Mandala?

Answer 6

A geometric configuration of symbols.

Question 7

What is the use of mandalas?

Answer 7

To focus the attention of practitioners and adepts.
Also an aid to meditation and trance induction.

Question 8

Buddha

Answer 8

The enlightened one

Question 9

Circumambulation

Answer 9

The act of moving around a sacred object or idol.
Hinduism and Buddhism

Question 10

Torana

Answer 10

Free standing ornamental arched gateway.

Question 11

What is the purpose of a Torana?

Answer 11

Ceremonial purposes

Question 12

In which architectural styles is Torana commonly seen?

Answer 12

Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain Architecture

Question 13

Stambha

Answer 13

a pillar or column found in India

Question 14

What does a Stambha represent?

Answer 14

A cosmic column that joins heaven and earth

Question 15

Barays

Answer 15

Massive water reservoirs set up around the city of Angkor.

Question 16

Devaraja

Answer 16

Sacred Kingship

Question 17

Laterite

Answer 17

An aluminum and iron rich rock found in Cambodia.

Question 18

What was Laterite used for at Angkor Wat

Answer 18

To encase the sand foundation core, and to line the waterways.

Question 19

Quincunx

Answer 19

A geometric form made of five objects. One at each corner of a square or rectangle and one in the middle.

Question 20

Temple Mountain

Answer 20

A Hindu temple structure like that of Angkor Wat. Made up of five towers with the middle being the tallest. Each tower representing a of the sacred Mount Meru.

Question 21

What is an Abbey?

Answer 21

A grouping of buildings that constitutes the housing and other necessary structures for a society

Question 22

Who lives in an abbey?

Answer 22

Christian monks or nuns living under a specific religious rule.

Question 23

Cloister

Answer 23

An open garden court surrounded by roofed passages on all four sides.

Question 24

Monasticism

Answer 24

Communal lifestyle dedicated to spiritual devotion

Question 25

What type of church plan is a basilica?

Answer 25

Latin Cross plan

Question 26

What feature of Basilica churches allows for circulation of large crowds?

Answer 26

Side aisles that envelop the entire structure, beneficial due to the allowance of circulating crowds without disrupting the liturgy.

Question 27

What is a relic?

Answer 27

A fragment of a sacred object. usually connected to a saint or some other venerated person.

Question 28

Reliquary

Answer 28

Protective container for a relic.

Question 29

Ribbed Vault

Answer 29

A vault with projecting bands

Question 30

Flying Buttress

Answer 30

An arch transmitting the thrust of a vault or roof from the upper part of the wall to an outer support buttress

Question 31

Groin Vault

Answer 31

two intersecting barrel vaults

Question 32

Pinnacle

Answer 32

Small, steep turret like structure crowning spires and other roof structures

Question 33

Stained Glass Window

Answer 33

Glass windows created by fitting together small pieces of various shapes and colors with strips of lead.

Question 34

Vernacular Architecture

Answer 34

Architecture using only local knowledge and materials.

Question 35

Batammariba

Answer 35

Those who built the earth

Question 36

Djenné-ferey

Answer 36

Cylindrical sunbaked bricks composed of mud, sand, rice husks, and water.

Question 37

Toron

Answer 37

Decorative and vertical bundles of rosier palm sticks that protrude horizontally from walls.

Question 38

Devotional Fixation

Answer 38

An object or image that focuses a person's attention on the holy and directs their mind and soul to prayer.

Question 39

Hypogeum

Answer 39

A subterranean chamber carved from rock that usually serves as a temple or tomb.

Question 40

Altepetl

Answer 40

A politically autonomous unit roughly equivalent to a city-state

Question 41

Calpulli

Answer 41

An organizational unit, roughly equivalent to a neighborhood.

Question 42

Campan

Answer 42

A larger organization unit that included multiple calpulli.

Question 43

Cartographic History

Answer 43

a map that shows not just a place but also events unfolding in space over time.

Question 44

Chinampas (Floating Gardens)

Answer 44

Gardens made of uniform size using wooden stakes and plant material.

Question 45

Humanism

Answer 45

A Renaissance cultural movement turned away from Medieval Scholasticism.

Question 46

What did Humanism revive interest in?

Answer 46

Ancient Greek and Roman thought.

Question 47

Lantern

Answer 47

A small circular or polygonal structure.

Question 48

Where is a Lantern usually located?

Answer 48

Above a larger tower or dome.

Question 49

What feature does a lantern have?

Answer 49

Windows lining the base.

Question 50

Orthography

Answer 50

A method of projection (drawing) in which an object is depicted or a surface mapped using parallel lines on a flat plane

Question 51

Linear Perspective

Answer 51

A method of projection (drawing) that creates the illusion of depth.

Question 52

Symmetry

Answer 52

The reflection of shared forms, shapes, or angles across a central line or point called the access.