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Bio 137 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except________tissue

A

Regular

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2
Q

The________gives rise to the_______.

A

Mesoderm;muscular system & skeletal system

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3
Q

Often keratinized,___________ epithelium is abrasion resistant.

A

Stratified squamous

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4
Q

Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport throughout the body is carried out by_________.

A

Blood

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5
Q

A shape of a person‘s nose is mostly due to the presence of_________.

A

Elastic cartilage

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6
Q

_____________secrete_________into_______.

A

Goblet cells; mucus; passage ways, like respiratory and digestive tracks

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7
Q

_________ glands, such as tear glands have vesicles that release their secretion via exocytosis. _________ glands such as oil producing glands, secret a mixture of disintegrated cells into their products.

A

Eccrine;Holocrine

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8
Q

Which membrane type is mismatched?

A

Mucosa-pleura

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9
Q

Which of the following is not found in the epidermis?

A

Fibroblasts

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10
Q

Stratum_______ consists of 3–5 layers of dark staining cells that contain keratohyalin.

A

Granulosum

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11
Q

The fastest rate of mitosis happens in the stratum___________.

A

Basale

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12
Q

Which of the following cells stand guard against toxins, microbes, and other pathogens?

A

Dendritic cells

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13
Q

Fingerprints left on things we touch are associated with our_________.

A

Dermal Papillae

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14
Q

Which skin color is most likely to result from a severe sunburn?

A

Erythema

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15
Q

Which of the following is not true about darker skin tones?

A

It has an adaption to heat

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16
Q

A____________ is a raised patch of melanized skin.

A

Mole

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17
Q

What type of hair is predominant on the arms and legs of young children?

A

Vellus

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18
Q

Blood vessels in the__________ provide a hair with its soul source of nutrients.

A

Bulb

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19
Q

The hair cycle consists of three developmental stages in which order?

A

Anagen, catagen, telogen

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20
Q

Each hair grows in an oblique epithelial tube called a_________.

A

Hair follicle

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21
Q

The sensitive skin underneath a nail body is called the_____.

A

Hyponychium

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22
Q

__________is/are formed, partly from the secretions of glands and external ear canal.

A

Cerumen

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23
Q

Which of the following is not a major function of the skeletal system?

A

Producing body heat

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24
Q

Intramembranous, ossification produces the__________.

A

Frontal

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25
Q

Wolff’s law of bone explains the effect of___________.

A

Mechanical stress on bone remodeling

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26
Q

Which of the following is not a function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

A

Promote calcium reabsorption by the kidneys

27
Q

Which of the following does not put women at risk for hypocalcemia

A

Removal of the thyroid gland

28
Q

Synthesized by the combined action of the skin, kidneys, and liver______ is important in depositing bone.

A

Calcitriol

29
Q

Blood Ca2+ deficiency stimulates________ Secretion, which leads to______________.

A

Calcitriol; less urinary phosphate excretion

30
Q

If a thyroid tumor secreted an excessive amount of calcitonin, we would expect_________.

A

An elevated level of osteoblast activity

31
Q

Osteoporosis in elderly women is generally due to a lack of___________, which usually inhibits___________.

A

Estrogen; osteocyte activity

32
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?

A

Hematoma formation-soft callus formation-hard callus formation-bone remodeling

33
Q
  1. The joint between the first costal cartilage in the sternum is a_______, whereas the other coastal cartilages are joined to the sternum by__________ joints.
A

Synchondrosis;synovial

34
Q
  1. All of the bones below belong to the axial skeleton except the__________.
A

Ischium

35
Q
  1. The trapeziometacarpal joint at the base of the thumb is a__________joint.
A

Saddle

36
Q
  1. When you walk upstairs, your right hip and knee joints______ to place your right foot on the next step
A

Flex

37
Q
  1. When you hold out your hands with the palms up your forearms underwent_________.
A

Supination

38
Q
  1. Suppose you cup your hands to hold some water. To limit the amount of leaking through your hands, this action would most likely require____________.
A

Adduction of the fingers

39
Q
  1. When the heel of the foot is placed on the ground in the front of the foot is up in the air, it is________
A

Dorsiflexed

40
Q
  1. When doing a push-up, your shoulders_______ as your body is lowered
A

Retract

41
Q
  1. The_________deepens the socket of the hip joint and helps stabilize the joint.
A

Acetabular labrum

42
Q

The traditional way for Tailors to sit, is facilitated by the main action of______.

A

Sartorius (the Tailors muscle)

43
Q
  1. Which of the following muscles extends the thigh, flexes the knee and laterally rotates the leg?
A

Biceps femoris

44
Q

Which of the following is a muscle of mastication responsible for manipular elevation?

A

Masseter

45
Q
  1. After six months of lifting weights, you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size. This increased in size is due to______ of muscle cells.
A

An increased number of myofibrils within individual muscle fibers

46
Q

What is the purpose of a triad?

A

The triad allows for Ca2+ to release when a muscle fiber is excited

47
Q

How many somatic motor neurons simulate one muscle fiber?

A

1

48
Q

The absence or inhibition of acetylcholinesterase at a synapse would lead to——-

A

Tetanus

49
Q

The minimum stimulus needed to cause muscle contraction is called the______.

A

Threshold

50
Q

If one nerve stimulus arrives at a muscle fiber, so soon that the fiber does not relax at all from the previous twitch, the most likely result will be______.

A

Complete tetanus

51
Q

If one nerve stimulus arrives at a muscle fiber, so soon that the fiber is only partially relaxed from the previous twitch. The most likely result will be________.

A

Incomplete tetanus

52
Q

Athletes who train in high altitudes increase their red blood cell count, which increases their oxygen supply during exercise. Increased oxygen supply results in_________.

A

Longer aerobic respiration

53
Q

The transfer of phosphate from creatine phosphate to ADP is catalyzed by

A

Creatine kinase

54
Q

A volleyball player depends on the gastrocnemius muscle for plantar flexion, whereas a marathon runner depends more on the soleus muscle for the same action. What characteristics of the soleus muscles makes this so?

A

They make more use of aerobic respiration

55
Q

Which of the following is not a purpose of the excess post exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) in muscle?

A

To neutralize carbon dioxide buildup

56
Q

Which of the following has the largest mitochondria?

A

Cardiac muscle

57
Q

Which fibers are primarily responsible for producing lactate/lactic acid?

A

Fast glycolytic fibers

58
Q

The loss of muscle mass from lack of activity and or severed nerve connections is called_______.

A

Atrophy

59
Q

The training regimen of a competitive weightlifter is designed partly to______.

A

Increase the average number of myofibrils per muscle fiber

60
Q

Where would you expect to find numerous gap junctions in muscular tissue?

A

Intercalated discs of cardiac muscle

61
Q

Which muscle(s) can contract without the need for nervous stimulation?

A

Smooth and cardiac muscle

62
Q

Why is the contraction strength of smooth muscle relatively independent from its resting length

A

It does not have sarcomeres

63
Q

Which of the following would be caused by a contraction of smooth muscle?

A

Increased blood pressure due to arterial constriction

64
Q

What is the purpose of motor nerve varicosities as they relate to smooth muscle?

A

They release neurotransmitter molecules into smooth muscle cells

Bio 137 (3 decks)

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