Exam 2

Question 1

Lactose is a type of _______________ found in _______________.

Answer 1

Lactose is a type of sugar found in milk.

Question 2

The shell of an egg performs what functions?

Answer 2

The shell provides protection, regulates gas exchange through pores, and supplies calcium for embryo development.

Question 3

chalazae,

Answer 3

Chalazae: Keeps yolk centered.

Question 4

albumen

Answer 4

Albumen: Supplies water and protein.

Question 5

yolk

Answer 5

nutrient source

Question 6

blastoderm

Answer 6

living center where fertilization occurs

Question 7

vitelline membrane

Answer 7

protects yolk

Question 8

cuticle

Answer 8

bacterial protection

Question 9

pores

Answer 9

gas exchange

Question 10

lysozyme

Answer 10

antibacterial enzyme

Question 11

air cell

Answer 11

Initial breath

Question 12

Avidin

Answer 12

protein that inhibits bacterial growth

Question 13

Which has a higher % protein: milk, meat, or eggs?

Answer 13

Eggs generally have a higher protein percentage than milk, with meat varying by type.

Question 14

How does cow’s milk differ from polar bear’s milk?

Answer 14

Polar bear milk has higher fat to support cubs in cold environments, while cow’s milk has lower fat.

Question 15

Conditions to maintain egg quality during storage?

Answer 15

Store eggs in a cool, dry place, limit handling, and keep them away from strong odors.

Question 16

respiratory

Answer 16

lungs, trachea, bronchi

Question 17

urinary

Answer 17

kidneys,bladder,ureters

Question 18

Reproductive

Answer 18

Ovaries, uterus, cervix

Question 19

Circulatory

Answer 19

heart, veins, arteries

Question 20

nervous

Answer 20

brain, spinal cord, nerves

Question 21

musculoskeletal

Answer 21

bones, muscles, ligaments

Question 22

digestive

Answer 22

stomach, intestines, liver

Question 23

Four primary tissue types?

Answer 23

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous.

Question 24

Five types of connective tissue?

Answer 24

Loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, cartilage, bone, blood.

Question 25

cranial

Answer 25

Toward the head

Question 26

Caudal

Answer 26

Toward the tail

Question 27

Dorsal

Answer 27

Toward the back

Question 28

Ventral

Answer 28

Toward the belly

Question 29

Purposes of the endocrine and nervous systems?

Answer 29

Endocrine regulates body functions via hormones; nervous controls responses and sensory processing.

Question 30

Branches of the autonomic nervous system and functions?

Answer 30

Sympathetic: "Fight or flight." Parasympathetic: "Rest and digest."

Question 31

Percentage of each milk component?

Answer 31

Fat: 3-4% Lactose: 4-5% Protein: 3-4% Water: 87-88% Minerals/Vitamins/Other: 1%

Question 32

Casein is a type of ___________ found in milk.

Answer 32

Casein is a type of protein found in milk.

Question 33

Term describing alteration of fat globules to prevent separation in milk?

Answer 33

Homogenization.

Question 34

Amount of milk needed to make one pound of cheese?

Answer 34

About 10 pounds of milk.

Question 35

% fat in types of fluid milk: Whole, 1%, Skim?

Answer 35

Whole: 3.25% fat 1% Milk: 1% fat Skim: Less than 0.5% fat

Question 36

What is energy?

Answer 36

Energy is the capacity to do work, such as growth, reproduction, or maintenance.

Question 37

NRC and its purpose?

Answer 37

National Research Council (NRC) provides nutrient requirement guidelines for animals.

Question 38

Importance of knowing an animal’s nutrient requirements?

Answer 38

Helps design species-specific diets based on digestive capabilities.

Question 39

Differences between roughages and concentrates?

Answer 39

Roughages are high-fiber (e.g., hay); concentrates are high-energy/protein (e.g., grains). Fiber content is the benchmark.

Question 40

Difference between energy feed and protein feed/supplement?

Answer 40

Energy feeds provide calories (e.g., corn); protein feeds support growth (e.g., soybean meal).

Question 41

Examples of feeds in each nutrient class?

Answer 41

Water: Fresh water Carbohydrates: Corn Proteins: Soybean meal Fats: Vegetable oil Vitamins: Vitamin supplements Minerals: Salt, limestone

Question 42

What is maintenance?

Answer 42

Maintenance is the energy/nutrients needed to sustain basic bodily functions without weight change.

Question 43

Species with each digestive system type?

Answer 43

Monogastric: Pigs, humans Ruminant: Cows, sheep Hind-gut fermenter: Horses, rabbits

Question 44

Importance of digestive anatomy in animal nutrition?

Answer 44

Helps design species-specific diets based on digestive capabilities.

Question 45

Differences between ruminants and hind-gut fermenters?

Answer 45

Ruminants have multi-chambered stomachs; hind-gut fermenters ferment in the cecum/colon. Ruminants digest fiber more thoroughly.

Question 46

Site for nutrient absorption in all digestive systems?

Answer 46

Small intestine.

Question 47

Capacity of a mature cow’s rumen?

Answer 47

Approximately 40-50 gallons

Question 48

Digestive system that utilizes microbial protein?

Answer 48

Ruminants.

Question 49

Digestive systems able to utilize cellulose (fiber)?

Answer 49

Ruminants and hind-gut fermenters.

Question 50

Portion of large intestine more developed in hind-gut fermenters?

Answer 50

Cecum.

Question 51

Organs analogous to swine stomach in ruminants and chickens?

Answer 51

Ruminant: Abomasum Chicken: Proventriculus