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Animal Science > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Lactose is a type of _______________ found in _______________.

A

Lactose is a type of sugar found in milk.

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2
Q

The shell of an egg performs what functions?

A

The shell provides protection, regulates gas exchange through pores, and supplies calcium for embryo development.

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3
Q

chalazae,

A

Chalazae: Keeps yolk centered.

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4
Q

albumen

A

Albumen: Supplies water and protein.

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5
Q

yolk

A

nutrient source

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6
Q

blastoderm

A

living center where fertilization occurs

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7
Q

vitelline membrane

A

protects yolk

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8
Q

cuticle

A

bacterial protection

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9
Q

pores

A

gas exchange

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10
Q

lysozyme

A

antibacterial enzyme

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11
Q

air cell

A

Initial breath

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12
Q

Avidin

A

protein that inhibits bacterial growth

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13
Q

Which has a higher % protein: milk, meat, or eggs?

A

Eggs generally have a higher protein percentage than milk, with meat varying by type.

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14
Q

How does cow’s milk differ from polar bear’s milk?

A

Polar bear milk has higher fat to support cubs in cold environments, while cow’s milk has lower fat.

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15
Q

Conditions to maintain egg quality during storage?

A

Store eggs in a cool, dry place, limit handling, and keep them away from strong odors.

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16
Q

respiratory

A

lungs, trachea, bronchi

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17
Q

urinary

A

kidneys,bladder,ureters

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18
Q

Reproductive

A

Ovaries, uterus, cervix

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19
Q

Circulatory

A

heart, veins, arteries

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20
Q

nervous

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves

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21
Q

musculoskeletal

A

bones, muscles, ligaments

22
Q

digestive

A

stomach, intestines, liver

23
Q

Four primary tissue types?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous.

24
Q

Five types of connective tissue?

A

Loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, cartilage, bone, blood.

25
Q

cranial

A

Toward the head

26
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the tail

27
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward the back

28
Q

Ventral

A

Toward the belly

29
Q

Purposes of the endocrine and nervous systems?

A

Endocrine regulates body functions via hormones; nervous controls responses and sensory processing.

30
Q

Branches of the autonomic nervous system and functions?

A

Sympathetic: “Fight or flight.”
Parasympathetic: “Rest and digest.”

31
Q

Percentage of each milk component?

A

Fat: 3-4%
Lactose: 4-5%
Protein: 3-4%
Water: 87-88%
Minerals/Vitamins/Other: 1%

32
Q

Casein is a type of ___________ found in milk.

A

Casein is a type of protein found in milk.

33
Q

Term describing alteration of fat globules to prevent separation in milk?

A

Homogenization.

34
Q

Amount of milk needed to make one pound of cheese?

A

About 10 pounds of milk.

35
Q

% fat in types of fluid milk: Whole, 1%, Skim?

A

Whole: 3.25% fat
1% Milk: 1% fat
Skim: Less than 0.5% fat

36
Q

What is energy?

A

Energy is the capacity to do work, such as growth, reproduction, or maintenance.

37
Q

NRC and its purpose?

A

National Research Council (NRC) provides nutrient requirement guidelines for animals.

38
Q

Importance of knowing an animal’s nutrient requirements?

A

Helps design species-specific diets based on digestive capabilities.

39
Q

Differences between roughages and concentrates?

A

Roughages are high-fiber (e.g., hay); concentrates are high-energy/protein (e.g., grains). Fiber content is the benchmark.

40
Q

Difference between energy feed and protein feed/supplement?

A

Energy feeds provide calories (e.g., corn); protein feeds support growth (e.g., soybean meal).

41
Q

Examples of feeds in each nutrient class?

A

Water: Fresh water
Carbohydrates: Corn
Proteins: Soybean meal
Fats: Vegetable oil
Vitamins: Vitamin supplements
Minerals: Salt, limestone

42
Q

What is maintenance?

A

Maintenance is the energy/nutrients needed to sustain basic bodily functions without weight change.

43
Q

Species with each digestive system type?

A

Monogastric: Pigs, humans
Ruminant: Cows, sheep
Hind-gut fermenter: Horses, rabbits

44
Q

Importance of digestive anatomy in animal nutrition?

A

Helps design species-specific diets based on digestive capabilities.

45
Q

Differences between ruminants and hind-gut fermenters?

A

Ruminants have multi-chambered stomachs; hind-gut fermenters ferment in the cecum/colon.
Ruminants digest fiber more thoroughly.

46
Q

Site for nutrient absorption in all digestive systems?

A

Small intestine.

47
Q

Capacity of a mature cow’s rumen?

A

Approximately 40-50 gallons

48
Q

Digestive system that utilizes microbial protein?

A

Ruminants.

49
Q

Digestive systems able to utilize cellulose (fiber)?

A

Ruminants and hind-gut fermenters.

50
Q

Portion of large intestine more developed in hind-gut fermenters?

A

Cecum.

51
Q

Organs analogous to swine stomach in ruminants and chickens?

A

Ruminant: Abomasum
Chicken: Proventriculus

Animal Science (1 decks)

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