Exam 2 Flashcards
What is exhastive and exlusive measurement?
Exhastive: All possible options within a category are considered covering every potential outcome
Mutually exclusive: each option distinct within a category is distinct and can’t overlap with another option. Which makes sures that only one category is chosen
What is the relationship between concepts and conceptions? How do we devlop them from abstract to measureable subject?
Conception is mental image we have about something.
Concepts: are the words, phrases, or symbols that are used to represent these mental images.
We use conceptilization to convert mental image into a specific and perscise defition.
We also use dimensions: groupings of indicators that represent the aspects of a concept. Ex: when reseaching customer statification we take into account the price, quality, serivce,ect to see what statifies the customer.
What is operationzation.
Spells out precisely how the concept will be measured.
Create variables to know what is being measured
Operalization and measurements to be made
Measurement: process of assigning numbers or labels into units of analysis to represent the conceptual properties.
Operalizaton = measurement = workable variables
What are the different levels of measurement?
Nominal: attributes indicated by names without scale or hierarchy. Ex- what’s your gender ? What’s your major ? What’s your religion
Ordinal : attributes can be ranked in specific order, but intervals between categories aren’t necessarily equal. Ex. Low or high ranking where order matters but not distance. Uses strongly agree, strongly disagree, ect
Interval: attributes measured along a numerical scale that has equal distance between values has no true zero. Ex temperature or iq
Ratio : the distance between scale attributes are equal and a zero point exists. Ex . Age , income
What is reliability?
Does a particular measurement technique applied repeated to the same thing yield the same results each time ?
How do we guard against problems with reliability?
Retest method : take the same measurement more than once and should yield the same results each time
Interrater reliability: have more than one person measure / observe the phenomenon and compare results
What is validity?
The measure accurately reflects the meaning of the concept under consideration. Are you accurately measuring what you say you are measuring? Should makes sense to what you are studying
How do we guard against validity issues?
Face validity: does the operational definition of the concept make sense?
Criterion related validity: how consistently a test or measurement aligns with an established external standard. If your results match up with a reliable measure of the same thing
Construct validity: the extent to which your measure or test accurately assesses what its supposed to
Content validity: the degree to which a test or assessment instrument evaluates all aspects of the topic, construct or behavior. Do the item cover the full subject.
What are types composte measurements?
Index : composite measure which is constructed by combining different indicators of a specific concept or dimension to create single score. Way to condense multiple pieces of data into single value. Ex: socioeconomic status index combining multiple variables like income, education. Occupation to represent a person’s socioeconomic status
Scale: system used to measure intensity or level of the specific concept or trait usually assigning numerical values on a range. Which allows researches to compare . Ex: rating satisfaction on scale 1-5
