Exam 2

Question 1

&

Answer 1

Conjunction

Question 2

V

Answer 2

Disjunction

Question 3

->

Answer 3

Conditional

Question 4

~

Answer 4

Negation

Question 5

If and only if (three bars)

Answer 5

Biconditional

Question 6

1. A
2. B
   ———
   A&B 1,2 &I

Answer 6

Conjunction Introduction

Question 7

DM
~(A&B) -> ~Av~B

Answer 7

DeMorgan’s Law

Question 8

1. C
   ———
   CvD 1, vI

Answer 8

Disjunctive Introduction

Question 9

1. A&B
   ———
   A 1, &E

Answer 9

Conjunction Elimination

Question 10

1. RvS
2. ~S
   ———
   R 1,2 vE

Answer 10

Disjunctive Elimination

Question 11

Av(G&H)
(AvG) & (AvH)

Answer 11

Distribution

Question 12

1. R->U
2. R
   ———
   U 1,2 -> E/MP

Answer 12

Conditional Elimination/Modus Ponens

Question 13

1.R->U
2. ~U
———
~R 1,2 MT

Answer 13

Modus Tollens

Question 14

(CvD)
(~C->D)

Answer 14

Material Implication

Question 15

->I

Answer 15

Conditional Introduction

Question 16

A&B
|
V
B&A

Answer 16

Commutative Property

Question 17

A&(B&C)-> A&B&C

Answer 17

Associative Property

Question 18

To prove a point by making resource to force if the other person does not accept their conclusion

Answer 18

Argumentum ad baculum (appeal to force)

Question 19

Appeals are made to popular attitudes instead of logic

Answer 19

Argumentum ad populum (appeal to the people)

Question 20

An attack on an opponent’s character instead of the argument

Answer 20

Ad hominem

Question 21

Point out the speaker’s hypocrisy

Answer 21

Tu quoque

Question 22

Rather than proving a casual relation between two things, you believe the order of events is enough to prove causation

Answer 22

Post hoc (after this, therefore because of this)

Question 23

Appealing to a person of authority rather than providing a logical argument

Answer 23

Ad verecudiam (appeal to authority)

Question 24

Appealing to the fact that no evidence exists for or against something

Answer 24

Argumentum ad ignorantium (appeal to ignorance)

Question 25

Misconstruing the speaker’s argument

Answer 25

Straw man (missing the point)