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Kinetics > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

for a specific drug following first order elimination kinetics, drug elimination rate (RE) is ________(constant/not constant)

A

not constant

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2
Q

for a specific drug following first order elimination kinetics, clearance (Cl) is _________(constant/not constant)

A

constant

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3
Q

for a specific drug following first order elimination kinetics, elimination rate constant (k) is __________ (constant/not constant)

A

constant

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4
Q

the volume of fluid cleared of drug per unit time

A

clearance (Cl)

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5
Q

target concentration of a drug, at this the administration rate (RA) is equal to elimination rate (RE) - drug in = drug out

A

steady state concentration (Css)

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6
Q

if dose increases, what happens to clearance?

A

no change

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7
Q

if dose increases, what happens to administration rate (RA)?

A

increases

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8
Q

if dose increases, what happens to elimination rate (RE) to compensate for increase in administration rate (RA)?

A

increase

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9
Q

glomerular filtration rate is proportional to what?

A

concentration of free drug

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10
Q

body weight, body surface area, edema, cardiac output, drug interactions, extraction ratio, genetics, liver function, plasma protein binding, renal function

A

factors that affect Cl

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11
Q

if clearance decreases, what happens to elimination rate (RE) initially?

A

decreases

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12
Q

if clearance decreases, what happens to concentration at steady state (Css)?

A

increases

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13
Q

if clearance decreases, what happens to rate elimination after Css increases?

A

increases to match RA

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14
Q

if a patient has renal insufficiency, what happens to clearance (and subsequently half life)?

A

decreases resulting in an increased half life

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15
Q

the sum total of all clearance processes in the body including renal (ke), hepatic (km), and lung (kl)

A

total clearance (ClT)

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16
Q

model in which you calculate the clearance through individual organs, clearance is the fraction of blood volume containing drug that flows through the organ and is eliminated per unit time, fraction of drug extracted by organ (ER)

A

physiologic model

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17
Q

does an ER value of less than 0.3 mean high or low efficacy of elimination?

A

low

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18
Q

does an ER value of greater than 0.7 mean high or low efficacy of elimination?

A

high

19
Q

urinary pH is often used to ______(increase/decrease) the renal elimination of drugs following cases of acute toxicity, basic strategy is to _______ (increase/decrease) the tubular reabsorption of the drug by making the molecule more ionized and _________(increasing/decreasing) its ClR

A

increase, decrease, increasing

20
Q

increasing urinary pH decreases reabsorption of _______(acidic/basic) drugs

A

acidic

21
Q

decreasing urinary pH decreases reabsorption of __________ (acidic/basic) drugs

A

basic

22
Q

is active secretion saturable or not saturable?

A

saturable

23
Q

is glomerular filtration saturable or not saturable?

A

not saturable

24
Q

excreted exclusively by glomerular filtration, indicator of renal function

A

creatinine

25
Q

if a drug’s ClR (renal clearance) is less than ClCR (creatinine clearance), by what mechanism is the drug being renally cleared?

A

glomerular filtration and reabsorption

26
Q

if a drug’s ClR (renal clearance) is greater than ClCR (creatinine clearance), by what mechanism is the drug being renally cleared?

A

glomerular filtration and active secretion

27
Q

if a drug’s ClR (renal clearance) is equal to ClCR (creatinine clearance), by what mechanism is the drug being renally cleared?

A

glomerular filtration only

28
Q

completely cleared by the kidneys via glomerular filtration, not reabsorbed or secreted

A

inulin

29
Q

route of administration, physiochemical properties of the drug, type and design of dosage form, physiology of the absorption site

A

factors that affect drug absorption

30
Q

surface area of the GIT (Crohn’s disease decreases surface area), stomach emptying rate, food, GI motility, muscle vascularity

A

factors affecting drug absorption through the GIT

31
Q

the % or fraction of the administered drug dose of a drug that reaches systemic circulation, does not indicate rate of absorption, equals 1 for IV bolus or infusion

A

bioavailability (F)

32
Q

determines the bioavailability of a drug given by an extravascular route by comparison with the same drug given via IV route

A

absolute bioavailability

33
Q

used to assess bioequivalence between different brands of the same drug dosage product

A

relative bioavailability

34
Q

______ indicates the extent of bioavailability (F) but is not the same as F

A

AUC

35
Q

drug metabolism prior to drug reaching general circulation, reduces bioavailability, for oral drugs sites of this include the liver and small intestine

A

first pass metabolism

36
Q

time delay in absorption after a single oral dose (physiology, enteric coating), point of intersection between residual and extrapolated lines

A

lag time (t0)

37
Q

this happens with drugs with short elimination half life (large k), dosage forms with slow absorption rates (small ka)

A

flip-flop of k and ka (k is greater than ka when normally k is less than ka)

38
Q

allows for precise control of drug concentration (avoid fluctuations for drugs with narrow therapeutic window), mixing of drugs with IV electrolytes and nutrients, direct control of duration of drug therapy, drug administered at slower rate for lower risk of ADRs (especially for drugs that slowly equilibrate with tissue and follow multi-compartment kinetics)

A

advantages of IV infusion

39
Q

for one compartment model drugs, is the drug infusion zero or first order?

A

zero

40
Q

for one compartment model drugs, is the drug elimination zero or first order?

A

first

41
Q

what does R represent in IV infusion?

A

infusion rate (mL/min or mg/hr)

42
Q

used to obtain target Css (concentration at steady state) as rapidly as possible

A

loading dose (DL)

43
Q

distribution and equilibration of drug is required before steady state reached, time needed to reach Css depends entirely on distribution half life (t1/2a), loading dose (DL) required to rapidly achieve Css

A

two compartment model drugs

Kinetics (3 decks)

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