Exam 2 Flashcards
Listeria monocytogenes:
Gram + or Gram -?
Gram +
Listeria monocytogenes:
Species affected?
ruminants
Listeria monocytogenes:
Associated with:
CNS infection in ruminants, septicemia in monogastrics, abortion in ruminants
Listeria monocytogenes:
Shape
Rod
Listeria monocytogenes:
Aerobe/Anaerobe?
Facultative anaerobe
Listeria monocytogenes:
intra/extracellular?
facultative intracellular
Listeria monocytogenes:
predisposing factors?
nutritional deficiency, immunosuppression, pregnancy. poor quality feed, high environmental load
Listeria monocytogenes:
entry
most commonly by ingestion. infrequently by inhalation
Listeria monocytogenes:
encounter
endogenous: carried in the intestinal tract of many animals
exogenous: soil, decaying vegetation, contaminated feed
Listeria monocytogenes:
Testing
aerobic culture, PCR
Listeria monocytogenes:
Tx
Abx: penecillin and tetracyclines. Supportive care.
Streptococcus suis:
species/age associated
pigs, usually between 3-12 weeks of age, but all ages susceptible
Streptococcus suis:
Gram + or Gram -
Gram +
Streptococcus suis:
shape
cocci in chains
Streptococcus suis:
aerobe/anaerobe?
facultative anaerobe
Streptococcus suis:
intra/extracellular
extracellular
Streptococcus suis: found as a part of the ? of mucous membranes and GI tract
microbiota
Streptococcus suis:
alpha or beta hemolytic?
alpha hemolytic
Streptococcus suis:
encounter
endogenous: many pigs carry it in the tonsils and nasal cavity
Exogenous: introduction of carrier pigs, fomite transmission
Streptococcus suis:
entry
inhalation, ingestion, or direct contact with carriers
Streptococcus suis:
testing
aerobic culture, PCR, may consider antimicrobial susceptibilty testing
Streptococcus suis:
Tx
abx therapy: penicillin or ampicillin. Supportive care. Reduce stress.
Streptococcus suis:
prevention
stress mitigation, hygeine. No commercial Vx available
Streptococcus equi subsp equi:
alpha or beta hemolytic?
beta hemolytic
Streptococcus equi subsp equi:
causative agent of?
equine strangles
Streptococcus equi subsp equi:
affected species?
equine
Streptococcus equi subsp equi:
gram + or gram -
Gram +
Streptococcus equi subsp equi:
shape
cocci in chains
Streptococcus equi subsp equi:
aerobe/anaerobe?
facultative anaerobe
Streptococcus equi subsp equi:
intra/extracellular
extracellular
Streptococcus equi subsp equi:
encounter
exogenous: contact with horses with active Dz
Streptococcus equi subsp equi:
normal flora?
NO
Streptococcus equi subsp equi:
entry
inhalation, ingestion, direct contact, fomite transmission
Streptococcus equi subsp equi:
Testing
PCR, Aerobic culture, SeM ELISA
Streptococcus equi subsp equi:
Tx
supportive care. Abx therapy is controversial.
Streptococcus equi subsp equi:
prevention
Vx, quarantine of new additions, isolation in affected horses
Yersenia pestis:
causative agent of?
plague
Yersenia pestis:
species associated
companion animals (mostly cats) and wildlife
Yersenia pestis:
Gram + or Gram -
Gram -
Yersenia pestis:
Shape
Rod
Yersenia pestis:
aerobe/anaerobe
facultative anaerobe
Yersenia pestis:
intra/extracellular
facultative intracellular
Yersenia pestis:
encounter
exogenous: contact with rodent fleas or infected rodents. soil contaminated with bacteria
Plague is maintained in a ? cycle between ? and ?
maintained in a sylvatic cycle between rodents and rodent fleas
Yersenia pestis:
entry
inhalation, percutaneous (flea bites, cuts, wounds)
Yersenia pestis:
Testing
PCR, aerobic culture
Yersenia pestis:
Tx
Aminoglocosides, doxycycline, fluoroquinolones, supportive care
Yersenia pestis:
prevention
avoid rodent areas in endemic areas, environmental hygeine, insect repellent, PPE, know geographic risk!
Francisella tularensis:
causative agent of?
tularemia
Francisella tularensis:
species affected?
most common in rodents and lagomorphs. also in cats.
Francisella tularensis:
Gram + or Gram -
Gram -
Francisella tularensis:
shape
rod
Francisella tularensis:
aerobe/anaerobe?
facultative anaerobe
Francisella tularensis:
intra/extracellular
facultative intracellular
Francisella tularensis:
encounter
exogenous: contact with infected rodents and lagomorphs. contact with water and soil contaminated carcasses. contact with arthropods
Francisella tularensis:
entry
arthropod bites, ingestion, inhalation, direct contact
Francisella tularensis:
minimally or highly infectious?
highly infectious (</= 10 cfu!!)
Francisella tularensis:
clinical signs
fever, lymphadenopathy, lethargy
Francisella tularensis:
Testing
Aerobic culture (chocolate agar!), PCR, serology
Francisella tularensis:
Tx
usually only pursued in cats and dogs. Antimicrobial therapy (gentamycin, doxy, fluoroquinolones), supportive care.
Francisella tularensis:
prevention:
avoid rodent/rabbits in endemic areas. Environmental hygeine, insect repellent, PPE, know geographic location!
Bacillus anthracis:
causative agent of
anthrax
Bacillus anthracis:
species affected
ruminants (but zoonotic!)
Bacillus anthracis:
Gram + or Gram -
Gram +
Bacillus anthracis:
shape
rod
Bacillus anthracis:
aerobe/anaerobe
obligate aerobe
Bacillus anthracis:
intra/extracellular
facultative intracellular
Bacillus anthracis:
encounter
exogenous: spore contaminated soils/food and water. Geography: certain soil conditions maintain B. anthracis
Bacillus anthracis:
entry
ingestion, inhalation, percutaneous
Bacillus anthracis:
clinical signs
peracute septicemia, peracute death, unclotted blood, lack of rigor
Bacillus anthracis:
Tx
antibacterial agents (penicillin, tetracyclines)
Bacillus anthracis:
Prevention
Vx in endemic area (strain lacks pOX2 encoding capsule), proper disposal of carcasses, post-exposure prophylaxis, PPE
Mycobacteria:
Gram + or Gram -
Gram +, Acid Fast +
Mycobacteria:
shape
rod
Mycobacteria:
aerobe/anaerobe
obligate aerobe
Mycobacteria:
intra/extracellular
facultative intracellular
Mycobacteria:
testing
Caudal fold test
Mycoplasma:
Gram + or Gram -
Gram + (NO CELL WALL!)
Mycoplasma:
shape
pleiomorphic (can have many shapes)
Mycoplasma:
aerobe/anaerobe
facultative anaerobe
Mycoplasma:
intra/extracellular
facultative intracellular
Mycoplasma:
Tx limitation?
cannot use Beta Lactams! they act to inhibit cell wall synthesis
Clostridium botulinum:
causative agent of
botulism, flaccid paralysis
Clostridium botulinum:
species affected
wild birds, horses, ruminants, mink, foxes. Dogs, cats and pigs are resistant!
Clostridium botulinum:
Gram + or Gram -
Gram +
Clostridium botulinum:
shape
large rod
Clostridium botulinum:
aerobe/anaerobe
obligate anaerobe
Clostridium botulinum:
intra/extracellular
extracellular
Clostridium botulinum:
encounter
exogenous: aquatic enviros and soil contaminated with vegetative cells, spores, and toxin. rotting plant and animal matter contaminated with vegetaive cells, spores, and toxin.
Clostridium botulinum:
entry
ingestion, introduction into wounds
Clostridium botulinum:
Dx
mainly based off of clinical signs: absence of fever,muscular incoordination, mydriasis, dysphagia, flaccid paralysis
Clostridium botulinum:
testing
mouse bioassay to detect toxin, ELISA, Anaerobic culture or PCR if toxicoinfectious form is suspected
Clostridium botulinum:
Tx
Antitoxin (will not impact bound toxin), supportive care. May is antimicrobials for toxicoinfectious cases.
Clostridium botulinum:
prevention
Toxoid Vx in high-risk species, proper food preservation, carcass management on farms. difficult in wild birds.
Clostridium tetani:
causative agent of
tetanus, spastic paraylsis
Clostridium tetani:
species affected
all mammals susceptible, but there are varying levels. horses and humans more susceptible.
Clostridium tetani:
Gram + or Gram -
Gram +
Clostridium tetani:
shape
large rod
Clostridium tetani:
aerobe/anaerobe
obligate anaerobe
Clostridium tetani:
intra/extracellular
extracellular
Clostridium tetani:
encounter
exogenous: found in soil, can be found transiently in the intestines or horses and other animals