EXAM 2

Question 1

what is metabolism

Answer 1

all chemical reactions that take place in a cell

Question 2

what are the types of metabolic pathways

Answer 2

Anabolic and catabolic

Question 3

what are enzymes

Answer 3

they are catalysts

Question 4

what are enzymes role in metabolic processes

Answer 4

the enzyme bonds to the reactant molecules and makes the bond-breaking and bond-forming processes easier (speed up reactions)

Question 5

what is the method by which a competitive enzyme inhibitor works

Answer 5

An inhibiting molecule bonds to the enzyme at other locations and changes the shape of the enzyme and a reaction does not occur

Question 6

what is ATP

Answer 6

energy

Question 7

what is ATPs role

Answer 7

needed for metabolic reactions

Question 8

what metabolic processes result in the production of ATP

Answer 8

Anabolic and catabolic reactions

Question 9

Autotrophs

Answer 9

an organism that is used to convert inorganic c to glucose

Question 10

phototrophs

Answer 10

uses light energy

Question 11

aerobic respiration

Answer 11

occurs in the cytoplasm, glucose is the reactant, products are ATP, NADH, FADH2

Question 12

anaerobic respiration

Answer 12

in cytoplasm, glycolysis and fermentation

Question 13

photosynthesis

Answer 13

travel inside a leaf, chloroplasts

Question 13

citric acid cycle

Answer 13

(Kreb cycle) makes ATP, in mitochondria matrix

Question 14

glycolysis

Answer 14

glucose broken down to produce pyruvate and ATP

Question 14

oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 14

NADH and FADH broken down to generate more ATP (H2O by product)

Question 14

fermentation

Answer 14

metabolism of pyruvate in absence of O2

Question 14

light cycle of photosynthesis

Answer 14

occurs in thylakoid membranes

Question 14

Calvin cycle of photosynthesis

Answer 14

occurs in the stroma

Question 14

describe the structure of DNA

Answer 14

double-stranded sugar phosphate

Question 15

steps in gene expression

Answer 15

DNA-RNA-Protein

Question 16

main processes in central dogma

Answer 16

1. mRNA must be produced
2. Read the code on DNA and make matching RNA
3. transcription

Question 17

what is the role of mRNA in the central dogma

Answer 17

carries the message from DNA to the ribosome

Question 18

what is the role of ribosomes in the central dogma

Answer 18

reads the mRNA then makes proteins

Question 19

role of tRNA in central dogma

Answer 19

carries amino acids to the ribosomes

Question 20

where is codon found

Answer 20

mRNA

Question 21

what is a codon

Answer 21

the 3 nucleotides that code for an amino acid

Question 22

where is an anticodon found

Answer 22

tRNA sequence that pairs with mRNA codon

Question 23

what is an anticodon

Answer 23

mRNA

Question 24

where does mitosis occur

Answer 24

in eukaryotic cells

Question 25

what is the purpose of mitosis

Answer 25

to ensure that DNA is equally partitioned into two identical daughter cells

Question 26

purpose of meiosis

Answer 26

type of nuclear division

Question 27

where does meiosis occur

Answer 27

eukaryotic cells

Question 28

gamete / germline cells

Answer 28

sex cells so egg and sperm

Question 29

gonads

Answer 29

testes and ovaries

Question 30

what type of cells are mitosis

Answer 30

body cells

Question 31

what type of cells are meiosis

Answer 31

sex cells

Question 32

what is homologous chromosomes

Answer 32

the different versions of each type of gene

Question 33

what are sister chromatids

Answer 33

a replicated chromosome, two identical molecules joined at centromere made of 2 DNA molecules

Question 34

how do errors during meiosis affect chromosome number

Answer 34

when sister chromatids fail to replicate

Question 35

what is cancer

Answer 35

uncontrolled cell divison