EXAM 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is metabolism

A

all chemical reactions that take place in a cell

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2
Q

what are the types of metabolic pathways

A

Anabolic and catabolic

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3
Q

what are enzymes

A

they are catalysts

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4
Q

what are enzymes role in metabolic processes

A

the enzyme bonds to the reactant molecules and makes the bond-breaking and bond-forming processes easier (speed up reactions)

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5
Q

what is the method by which a competitive enzyme inhibitor works

A

An inhibiting molecule bonds to the enzyme at other locations and changes the shape of the enzyme and a reaction does not occur

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6
Q

what is ATP

A

energy

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7
Q

what is ATPs role

A

needed for metabolic reactions

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8
Q

what metabolic processes result in the production of ATP

A

Anabolic and catabolic reactions

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9
Q

Autotrophs

A

an organism that is used to convert inorganic c to glucose

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10
Q

phototrophs

A

uses light energy

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11
Q

aerobic respiration

A

occurs in the cytoplasm, glucose is the reactant, products are ATP, NADH, FADH2

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12
Q

anaerobic respiration

A

in cytoplasm, glycolysis and fermentation

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13
Q

photosynthesis

A

travel inside a leaf, chloroplasts

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13
Q

citric acid cycle

A

(Kreb cycle) makes ATP, in mitochondria matrix

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14
Q

glycolysis

A

glucose broken down to produce pyruvate and ATP

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14
Q

oxidative phosphorylation

A

NADH and FADH broken down to generate more ATP (H2O by product)

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14
Q

fermentation

A

metabolism of pyruvate in absence of O2

14
Q

light cycle of photosynthesis

A

occurs in thylakoid membranes

14
Q

Calvin cycle of photosynthesis

A

occurs in the stroma

14
Q

describe the structure of DNA

A

double-stranded sugar phosphate

15
Q

steps in gene expression

A

DNA-RNA-Protein

16
Q

main processes in central dogma

A
  1. mRNA must be produced
  2. Read the code on DNA and make matching RNA
  3. transcription
17
Q

what is the role of mRNA in the central dogma

A

carries the message from DNA to the ribosome

18
Q

what is the role of ribosomes in the central dogma

A

reads the mRNA then makes proteins

19
Q

role of tRNA in central dogma

A

carries amino acids to the ribosomes

20
Q

where is codon found

A

mRNA

21
Q

what is a codon

A

the 3 nucleotides that code for an amino acid

22
Q

where is an anticodon found

A

tRNA sequence that pairs with mRNA codon

23
Q

what is an anticodon

A

mRNA

24
Q

where does mitosis occur

A

in eukaryotic cells

25
Q

what is the purpose of mitosis

A

to ensure that DNA is equally partitioned into two identical daughter cells

26
Q

purpose of meiosis

A

type of nuclear division

27
Q

where does meiosis occur

A

eukaryotic cells

28
Q

gamete / germline cells

A

sex cells so egg and sperm

29
Q

gonads

A

testes and ovaries

30
Q

what type of cells are mitosis

A

body cells

31
Q

what type of cells are meiosis

A

sex cells

32
Q

what is homologous chromosomes

A

the different versions of each type of gene

33
Q

what are sister chromatids

A

a replicated chromosome, two identical molecules joined at centromere made of 2 DNA molecules

34
Q

how do errors during meiosis affect chromosome number

A

when sister chromatids fail to replicate

35
Q

what is cancer

A

uncontrolled cell divison

36
Q
A