Exam 2

Question 1

layers of cell bodies that are parallel to the surface of the cortex and separated by a layer of fibers

Answer 1

laminae

Question 2

If several neurons of the visual cortex all respond best when the retina is exposed to horizontal lines of light, then those neurons are probably in the same

Answer 2

columns

Question 3

main target for visual information

Answer 3

occipital lobe

Question 4

another name for primary visual cortex

Answer 4

striate cortex

Question 5

Destruction of any part of the striate cortex causes

Answer 5

cortical blindness

Question 6

Receives sensations from touch receptors, muscle-stretch receptors, and joint receptors

Answer 6

parietal lobe

Question 7

Primary cortical target for auditory information; contributes to complex aspects of vision, including perception of movement and recognition of faces; important for emotional and motivational behaviors

Answer 7

temporal lobe

Question 8

Essential for understanding spoken language

Answer 8

left temporal lobe

Question 9

Primary motor cortex

Answer 9

frontal lobe

Question 10

Specialized for the control of fine movements, such as moving a finger

Answer 10

precentral gyrus

Question 11

Consists of the medulla, pons, and cerebellum

Answer 11

hindbrain

Question 12

Control sensations from the head, muscle movements in the head, and much of the parasympathetic output to the organs

Answer 12

medulla

Question 13

Contains nuclei for several cranial nerves;

Answer 13

pons

Question 14

Contributes to control of movement (balance and coordination); helps with timing and judgement of rhythm

Answer 14

cerebellum

Question 15

Consists of substantia nigra, superior and inferior colliculus, tectum, and tegmentum

Answer 15

midbrain

Question 16

Roof of the midbrain

Answer 16

tectum

Question 17

Important for visual processing

Answer 17

superior colliculus

Question 18

Contributes to hearing

Answer 18

inferior colliculus

Question 19

Intermediate level of the midbrain; covers several other midbrain structures

Answer 19

tegmentum

Question 20

Gives rise to a dopamine-containing pathway that facilitates readiness for movement

Answer 20

substantia nigra

Question 21

Consists of two cerebral hemispheres; organized to receive sensory information, mostly from the contralateral (opposite) side of the body; controls muscles, mostly on the contralateral side

Answer 21

forebrain

Question 22

Important for evaluating emotional information

Answer 22

amygdala

Question 23

Most sensory information goes here first, which processes it and sends output to the cerebral cortex

Answer 23

thalamus

Question 24

Conveys messages to the pituitary gland, altering its release of hormones (1)

Answer 24

hypothalamus (1)

Question 25

Abnormalities in feeding, drinking, temperature regulation, sexual behavior, fighting or activity level are caused by damage to this area (2)

Answer 25

hypothalamus (2)

Question 26

Synthesizes hormones that the blood carries to organs throughout the body

Answer 26

pituitary gland

Question 27

Integrate motivational and emotional behavior to increase the vigor of selected actions; critical for learned skills and habits

Answer 27

basal ganglia

Question 28

Key part of the brain’s system for arousal, wakefulness, and attention

Answer 28

nucleus basalis

Question 29

Critical for certain types of memories, especially memories for individual events

Answer 29

hippocampus

Question 30

Enables researchers to study behavior with some brain area active, then inactive, and then active again

Answer 30

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Question 31

Method of implanting a receptor into a neuron and stimulating it with light, to investigate the functions of a particular type of neuron

Answer 31

optogenetics

Question 32

Records electrical activity of the brain through electrodes

Answer 32

electroencephalograph (EEG)

Question 33

Measures the faint magnetic fields generated by brain activity

Answer 33

magnetoencephalograph (MEG)

Question 34

Provides a high-resolution image of activity in a living brain by recording the emission of radioactivity from injected chemicals

Answer 34

positron-emission tomography (PET)

Question 35

Detects an increase in blood flow to a brain area immediately after an increase in brain activity, and it also detects a slightly slower increase in the percentage of hemoglobin lacking oxygen

Answer 35

functional magnetic resonance imagining (fMRI)

Question 36

Process of relating skull anatomy to behavior

Answer 36

phrenology

Question 37

Inject a dye into the blood to increase contrast in the image, and then places the person’s head into a scanner where x-rays pass through the head

Answer 37

computerized axial tomography (CT or CAT scan)

Question 38

Measures responses of brain chemicals to a magnetic field

Answer 38

magnetic resonance imagining (MRI)