Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

criminal justice > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

American policing, with uniformed officers in a quasi-military organization structure was primarily established with borrowed ideas from which already-established police force?

A

England

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The first organized police agencies in the United States with full-time officers developed in cities with large numbers of slaves where white owners feared slave uprisings. True of False

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The political ear of American policing from 1840-1920, was armed by close ties between police and which of the following?

A

Politicians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which ear of American policing from 1920-1970. was interested in getting the police out of politics and developing a trained disciplined, organized police force that is focused on fighting crime?

A

Professional Era

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which era of American policing that began about 1970 prioritized police-citizen relationships and encouraged increased use of foot and bicycle patrol ad problem-oriented policing?

A

Community Policing Era

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Professional police organizations like the international Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) and the Fraternal Order of Police (FOP) were established in the spirit of which era of American Policing?

A

Professional Era

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Policing in the United States is currently considered to be in a community-policing era. (true or false)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The majority of sworn police officers are employed by state and local police agencies. True of False

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The majority of sworn police officers are employed by federal agencies. True or False

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is not a reason individuals are attracted to the policing profession?

A

Low job stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the process through which a new police officer learns the norms and values of the police force?

A

Socialization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the symbols, beliefs and values and attitudes shared by a group?

A

Subculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Subcultures are static - meaning the symbols, beliefs, values and attitudes do not change over time as new members join and the surrounding environment changes. True or False

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Subcultures are dynamic - meaning the symbols, beliefs, values and attitudes may change over time as new members join and the surrounding environment changes. True or false

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Police subcultures are dynamic and easy to change. True or False

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Police officers tend to socialize with other officers and their families. True or False

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the primary functions of the police and what isnt?

A

Primary functions are law enforcement, order maintenance and service. Law creation is not one of the primary functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do police perform the function of oder maintenance?

A

Disrupting two youth gangs lollygagging at a park

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do police perform the function of law enforcement?

A

Apprehending an individual with an active arrest warrant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How police perform the function of service?

A

Assisting a cat stuck in a tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which style of policing policy stresses order maintenance?

A

Watchman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which of the style of policing policy stresses professionalism and law enforcement?

A

Legalistic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When a police officer is in a legally-permitted location, like a public place or in an individuals home after gaining consent and notices incriminating evidence they are able to use that information in their investigation. True or False

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What allows officers to notice and use evidence visible to them when in a permitted location ?

A

Plain view doctrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

An arrest is an example of what?

A

Seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is considered a brief interruption to ones freedom of movement by law enforcement and typically less than an hour?

A

Stop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Whichis needed before a stop can be made by law enforcement?

A

Reasonable suspicion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is needed before an arrest can be made by law enforcement?

A

Probable cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Police always need a warrant before conducting a search. True or False

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Police are permitted to search all individuals passing through certain contexts for a specific objective. True or False

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Police are required to notify individuals of their right to refuse a search when police ask without a warrant. True or False

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

An officer that asks to step inside ones house or look in ones backpack has asked to perform which type of warrantless search?

A

Search by consent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Following an arrest, an individual may be subject to additional searches that do not require a warrant, like strip searches and body cavity inspections when placed in jail. True or False

A

True

34
Q

Once an accused person is in police custody they must be notified of their right to counsel. True or False

A

True

35
Q

What is thought to protect the accused from improper searches by law enforcement because it prohibits the evidence collected illegally from being used in court?

A

Exclusionary rule

36
Q

Which amendment protects individuals from unreasonable search and seizures during police investigation?

A

Fourth amendment

37
Q

Which amendment protects individuals from self incrimination during police questioning?

A

Fifth amendment

38
Q

Strong police-citizen relationships are important because police rely on the public for information about criminal activity. True or False

A

True

39
Q

The majority of people that interact with the police report the officer acted properly. True of false

A

True

40
Q

The majority of sworn police officers are which type?

A

Patrol officers

41
Q

The highest percentage of face to face interactions between citizens and police occurs in which context?

A

During a patrol stop

42
Q

The decisions police make in routine police work may be shaped by relationships to citizen they interact with the nature of the crime and departmental policy amongst other factors. true or false

A

true

43
Q

Police are permitted to use force when necessary. true or false

A

true

44
Q

Police frequently use force of extreme severity. true or false

A

false

45
Q

Police are permitted to use excessive force

A

false

46
Q

This type of corrupted police officer takes payoff in the course of routine police work?

A

Grass eater

47
Q

This type of corrupted police officer actively uses their power for personal gain?

A

Meat eater

48
Q

Which mechanisms to control police is located within police agencies and requires one or more officers to review and investigate complaints against fellow officers?

A

Internal affairs unit

49
Q

Which mechanisms to control police operates outside of police agencies and allows community members to review the police process for reviewing and investigating citizen complaints?

A

civilian review boards

50
Q

What is considered a basic measure of police performance and is the percentage of crime known to police that they believe they have solved by arrest?

A

Clearance rate

51
Q

Clearance rates vary by offense type. Four example , the clearance rate for homicide be higher than the clearance rate for non-violent crime. True or false

A

True

52
Q

Which type of criminal court process used in the American state and federal court systems has the prosecution and defense attorney present evidence, challenge each others evidence and try to persuade the jury or judge of guilt or lack thereof while the judge oversees the rules of trial and acts as a referee?

A

Adversarial

53
Q

Most criminal cases are brought in state court systems

A

True

54
Q

Which of the following actors is not a key decision-maker in the court process?

A

Bailiff

55
Q

Most criminal cases are brought in the federal system

A

False

56
Q

Most of a judges time is spent presiding over criminal trials. True or false

A

false

57
Q

What is not the responsibility of the judge?

A

Presenting evidence

58
Q

Suppose a judge orders a noisy courtroom to quiet after a controversial verdict is read, the judge is performing their function of what?

A

Administrator

59
Q

Suppose a judge rules on a motion made by the prosecution or defense attorney, the judge is performing their function as which?

A

Adjudicator

60
Q

Suppose a judge moderates discussions in their private chambers or actively pursues a plea negotiation, the judge is performing their function as which?

A

Negotiator

61
Q

Which of the following court actors serves as the lawyer for the government and pursues charges against the accused?

A

Prosecution

62
Q

In some cases the prosecution may need to present evidence to a grand jury before brining charges. True or false

A

True

63
Q

Which of the following court actors serves as the lawyer for the accused?

A

Defense attorney

64
Q

Judges require more education than prosecution or defense lawyers. True or false

A

False

65
Q

Judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys are lawyers. True or false

A

True

66
Q

An “indigent: defendant is best defined as which of the following

A

one that does not have funds for counsel

67
Q

At which point in the criminal procedure are charges formally read to the accused and the accused enters a plea of guilty or not guilty?

A

Arraignment

68
Q

Which of the following is the mechanism through which prosecutors or defense attorneys make a request to the judge?

A

Motion

69
Q

What is the mechanism through the accused may be released from jail during the pretrial process and requires a sum of money or property be held the court and forfeited by the accused if they fail to appear at their court date?

A

Bail

70
Q

One concern regarding the bail system is that. certain type of accused person may be pressured into a guilty plea and conviction in order to leave jail on probation because they cannot leave jail by posting the set bail amount. Most likely type of accused person?

A

Indigent (poor)

71
Q

Which is the mechanism through which the judge may hold the accused in jail during the pretrial process if they determined the accused person would be a threat to the community?

A

preventative detention

72
Q

Most criminal cases result in a jury or bench trial. True or false

A

false

72
Q

Most defendants are detained without bail in preventative detention. True or false

A

False

73
Q

Most criminal cases result in a plea bargain. True or false

A

True

74
Q

The accused has a right to counsel during plea negotiations. true or false

A

true

75
Q

In criminal court, pleading guilty results in a guilty conviction record that reflects that conviction. True or false

A

true

76
Q

in a criminal court, for a jury to reach a verdict, the vote must be unanimous. True or false

A

true

77
Q

In a criminal court, for a jury to reach a verdict, the jury must reach a majority vote. True or false

A

false

78
Q

what refers to when a jury does not come to a unanimous decision?

A

hung jury

79
Q

what is the first step of the criminal trial process?

A

Jury selection

80
Q

Which actor in the criminal trial process has the burden of proving their case beyond a reasonable doubt?

A

prosecution

81
Q

In some cases the defense rests their case without presenting evidence and argues the prosecution did not meet the burden of proof, beyond a reasonable doubt. True or false

A

true

criminal justice (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions