Exam 2 Flashcards
4 Noble Truths (Darma)
Truth of Suffering, Origin of Suffering, Cessation of Suffering, Path to the Cessation of Suffering
What is Buddha’s real name
Siddhartha Gautama
Mudra
a symbolic or ritual gesture of pose - some involving the entire body but most just performed with hands
Circumambulation
the act of moving around a sacred object or idol - usually around temples and deity images as a devotional practice
Stupa
mound-like structure containing relics that is used as a place of mediation
Crossed leg pose that Buddha is usually depicted in
lotus pose
Physical identifiers of Buddha
Cranial bump (knowledge) and stretched ear lobes (humanly past)
What does Buddha’s right hand touching the earth show
the moment of enlightenment when Buddha “called the Earth to witness”
What is the historical site visited by Buddhist pilgrims
Kurkihar
Bodhisattva
a person who can reach nirvana but delays doing so out of compassion in order to save suffering beings
What jewelry does Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara wear
pearls around waist, necklaces, arm bands, beaded sacred thread over right thigh
What is King Jayaraman known for
Building 102 hospitals through kingdom, establishing new capital and building the city of Angkor Thom
Where does the word Bayon come from
Sanskrit term that means “a pedestal for sacred statues”
What are carved into the towers at Bayon
faces that depict Hindu or Buddhist deities
How was Angkor Thom built
As a mandala or cosmic diagram
What mountain is honored at Angkor Thom and why
Mount Meru is the center of the universe
What is the order of Chinese dynasties
Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic
Handscroll
a continuous roll of paper or silk of varying length on which an image has been painted and which, when not being viewed, remains rolled up
How did the mongols change Chinese culture
it was renewed because the mongols were nomadic and did not have established culture so they adopted Chinese customs
boqta
headdress of birch bark interior decorated with silk and metallic that rulers wore to show power
how did the mongol empire legitimize their rule
imperial portraits and luxury goods
What was the purpose of Mengfu’s work
He wanted to depict his friend’s ancestral homeland because his friend did not travel freely through china
What are the mountains from left to right
Mount Hua and Mount Que
What did the “antique idea”/Guyi/Classicism style emphasize
history, culture, and artistic heritage
What is the function of the David Vases
altarpieces and incense burner to honor a general and protect his family
what images are on the David vases
stylized dragons, birds, clouds, and floral designs
Where is the blue pigment sourced from and how
Cobalt is from Iran and made possible by the Silk Roads
Where were these vases made
Imperial kilns in Jingdeshen
What is the porcelain made from
Kaolin which is clay native to china and made very thin but sturdy
Who are Laozi, Siddhartha Gautama, and Confucius
Founder of Daoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism
Who is the figure robed in red and how do we know
Buddha because his cranial bump
What is the composition of this work inspired by
The Three Laughers of Tiger creek - allegorical story about the meeting of the three figures
What does the main scene show
woman with two children and fan in one hand and next to pomegranates
Symbolism of this vase
pomegranates (fertility), branch of osmanthus (nobility), blooming plants (literary success)
How was Gannata Maryam carved
carved into the ground and from one block of stone - means that architectural features are purely for decoration
What art is used to decorate the interior
frescos showing biblical stories and murals
What is Ge’ez
ancient semitic language of Ethiopia that survives as a liturgical language of the Ethiopian orthodox church
What details make the illuminated gospel Ethiopian
two dimensional, linear, abbreviated definition of facial features, bold articulated figures, red green yellow and blue color palette
What happened in the Gondarine Period in Ethiopia
period of conflict with Muslim states that shows a transition period (Solomonic leader orders a new church to be built in new capital city)
What was the Muromachi Period in Japan
turbulent and violent period when Zen Buddhism and Chinese ink painting became more popular
What is Haboku
broken ink style from Japan
What is nanban
means southern barbarians and used to reference Europeans who sailed from south to reach japan
What are ukiyo-e pictures
new form of entertainment (floating world) that showed scenes of common people in their daily life - also included erotic scenes
Japonisme
refers to the popularity and influence of Japanese art and design among several western European artists in the 19th century following the forced reopening of region trade with Japan
Mendicant
certain Christian religious orders that have adopted a lifestyle of poverty, traveling, and living in urban areas for purposes of preaching, evangelization, and ministry, especially to the poor
four main mendicant orders
Franciscans, domincans, augustinian friars, carmelites
Churrigueresque
also, but less commonly “Ultra Baroque”, refers to a Spanish Baroque style of elaborate sculptural architectural ornament which emerged as a manner of stucco decoration in Spain in the late 17th century and was used up to about 1750, marked by extreme, expressive and florid decorative detailing, normally found above the entrance on the main facade of a building
Polychrome
being of many or various colors, decorated or executed in many colors, as a statue, vase, or mural
Who is the woman on the stone from Tenochtitlan
Coyolxauhqui - Aztec deity
What were quipus used for
for record keeping and sending messages by runner throughout the empire
What was used to make a quipu
colored, spun, and plied thread or strings from llama hair
What materials were used to make the ceremonial shield
turquoise, conch shell, pearl, wood, oyster shell, resin, gold leaf
What images are seen in the center of the shield
four rays emerging from a center disc and a sky bearer standing in each quarter
What does the tree represent on the shield
the world axis that connects the underworld, earthly, and celestial realms
