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Art History > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

4 Noble Truths (Darma)

A

Truth of Suffering, Origin of Suffering, Cessation of Suffering, Path to the Cessation of Suffering

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2
Q

What is Buddha’s real name

A

Siddhartha Gautama

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3
Q

Mudra

A

a symbolic or ritual gesture of pose - some involving the entire body but most just performed with hands

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4
Q

Circumambulation

A

the act of moving around a sacred object or idol - usually around temples and deity images as a devotional practice

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5
Q

Stupa

A

mound-like structure containing relics that is used as a place of mediation

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6
Q

Crossed leg pose that Buddha is usually depicted in

A

lotus pose

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7
Q

Physical identifiers of Buddha

A

Cranial bump (knowledge) and stretched ear lobes (humanly past)

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8
Q

What does Buddha’s right hand touching the earth show

A

the moment of enlightenment when Buddha “called the Earth to witness”

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9
Q

What is the historical site visited by Buddhist pilgrims

A

Kurkihar

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10
Q

Bodhisattva

A

a person who can reach nirvana but delays doing so out of compassion in order to save suffering beings

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11
Q

What jewelry does Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara wear

A

pearls around waist, necklaces, arm bands, beaded sacred thread over right thigh

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12
Q

What is King Jayaraman known for

A

Building 102 hospitals through kingdom, establishing new capital and building the city of Angkor Thom

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13
Q

Where does the word Bayon come from

A

Sanskrit term that means “a pedestal for sacred statues”

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14
Q

What are carved into the towers at Bayon

A

faces that depict Hindu or Buddhist deities

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15
Q

How was Angkor Thom built

A

As a mandala or cosmic diagram

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16
Q

What mountain is honored at Angkor Thom and why

A

Mount Meru is the center of the universe

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17
Q

What is the order of Chinese dynasties

A

Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic

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18
Q

Handscroll

A

a continuous roll of paper or silk of varying length on which an image has been painted and which, when not being viewed, remains rolled up

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19
Q

How did the mongols change Chinese culture

A

it was renewed because the mongols were nomadic and did not have established culture so they adopted Chinese customs

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20
Q

boqta

A

headdress of birch bark interior decorated with silk and metallic that rulers wore to show power

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21
Q

how did the mongol empire legitimize their rule

A

imperial portraits and luxury goods

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22
Q

What was the purpose of Mengfu’s work

A

He wanted to depict his friend’s ancestral homeland because his friend did not travel freely through china

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23
Q

What are the mountains from left to right

A

Mount Hua and Mount Que

24
Q

What did the “antique idea”/Guyi/Classicism style emphasize

A

history, culture, and artistic heritage

25
Q

What is the function of the David Vases

A

altarpieces and incense burner to honor a general and protect his family

26
Q

what images are on the David vases

A

stylized dragons, birds, clouds, and floral designs

27
Q

Where is the blue pigment sourced from and how

A

Cobalt is from Iran and made possible by the Silk Roads

28
Q

Where were these vases made

A

Imperial kilns in Jingdeshen

29
Q

What is the porcelain made from

A

Kaolin which is clay native to china and made very thin but sturdy

30
Q

Who are Laozi, Siddhartha Gautama, and Confucius

A

Founder of Daoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism

31
Q

Who is the figure robed in red and how do we know

A

Buddha because his cranial bump

32
Q

What is the composition of this work inspired by

A

The Three Laughers of Tiger creek - allegorical story about the meeting of the three figures

33
Q

What does the main scene show

A

woman with two children and fan in one hand and next to pomegranates

34
Q

Symbolism of this vase

A

pomegranates (fertility), branch of osmanthus (nobility), blooming plants (literary success)

35
Q

How was Gannata Maryam carved

A

carved into the ground and from one block of stone - means that architectural features are purely for decoration

36
Q

What art is used to decorate the interior

A

frescos showing biblical stories and murals

37
Q

What is Ge’ez

A

ancient semitic language of Ethiopia that survives as a liturgical language of the Ethiopian orthodox church

38
Q

What details make the illuminated gospel Ethiopian

A

two dimensional, linear, abbreviated definition of facial features, bold articulated figures, red green yellow and blue color palette

39
Q

What happened in the Gondarine Period in Ethiopia

A

period of conflict with Muslim states that shows a transition period (Solomonic leader orders a new church to be built in new capital city)

40
Q

What was the Muromachi Period in Japan

A

turbulent and violent period when Zen Buddhism and Chinese ink painting became more popular

41
Q

What is Haboku

A

broken ink style from Japan

42
Q

What is nanban

A

means southern barbarians and used to reference Europeans who sailed from south to reach japan

43
Q

What are ukiyo-e pictures

A

new form of entertainment (floating world) that showed scenes of common people in their daily life - also included erotic scenes

44
Q

Japonisme

A

refers to the popularity and influence of Japanese art and design among several western European artists in the 19th century following the forced reopening of region trade with Japan

45
Q

Mendicant

A

certain Christian religious orders that have adopted a lifestyle of poverty, traveling, and living in urban areas for purposes of preaching, evangelization, and ministry, especially to the poor

46
Q

four main mendicant orders

A

Franciscans, domincans, augustinian friars, carmelites

47
Q

Churrigueresque

A

also, but less commonly “Ultra Baroque”, refers to a Spanish Baroque style of elaborate sculptural architectural ornament which emerged as a manner of stucco decoration in Spain in the late 17th century and was used up to about 1750, marked by extreme, expressive and florid decorative detailing, normally found above the entrance on the main facade of a building

48
Q

Polychrome

A

being of many or various colors, decorated or executed in many colors, as a statue, vase, or mural

49
Q

Who is the woman on the stone from Tenochtitlan

A

Coyolxauhqui - Aztec deity

50
Q

What were quipus used for

A

for record keeping and sending messages by runner throughout the empire

51
Q

What was used to make a quipu

A

colored, spun, and plied thread or strings from llama hair

52
Q

What materials were used to make the ceremonial shield

A

turquoise, conch shell, pearl, wood, oyster shell, resin, gold leaf

53
Q

What images are seen in the center of the shield

A

four rays emerging from a center disc and a sky bearer standing in each quarter

54
Q

What does the tree represent on the shield

A

the world axis that connects the underworld, earthly, and celestial realms

55
Q
A

Art History (3 decks)

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