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Physics 1 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an umbra?

A

full shadow

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2
Q

What is a penumbra?

A

surrounding area/partial shadows

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3
Q

What causes shadows to be penumbras that may or may not have umbras?

A

extension of the light source

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4
Q

What will create a shadow that only has an umbra?

A

a point source of light

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5
Q

What happens to a penumbra if the light source is far from the object and its shadow?

A

becomes smaller

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6
Q

Describe the cornea

A

does most of the focusing

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7
Q

describe the iris

A

eye color; controls light intensity

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8
Q

describe the pupil

A

hole in the eye; adjust the amount of light passing through the lens

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9
Q

describe the lens (part of eye)

A

does the remaining of focusing

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10
Q

describe the retina

A

location of light sensors, has rods and cones

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11
Q

What are cones? (parts of the eye)

A

detectors of color

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12
Q

describe the fovea

A

center of vision, predominately cones

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13
Q

describe the blindspot

A

optic nerve exit, no light sensors

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14
Q

what is atomic excitation?

A

occurs when an electron in an atom is given energy causing it to jump to a higher orbit; radiation gives the characteristic colors of the element

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15
Q

True or False. Photon absorption does not have to match the energy jump.

A

False

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16
Q

describe a continuous emission pectra

A

colors are blended throughout the spectra

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17
Q

describe a discrete emission spectra

A

lines are present

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18
Q

In an incandescence, is blue hotter or colder than red?

A

hotter

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19
Q

What happens during primary excitation?(fluorescent lamps)

A

electron collisions with low pressure Hg vapor; UV is given off

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20
Q

What happens during secondary excitation? (fluorescent lamps)

A

UV photons absorbed by phosphers

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21
Q

What does laser stand for?

A

light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

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22
Q

True or False. All visible frequencies make up white light.

A

true

23
Q

What are the primary colors?

A

red, green, and blue

24
Q

What are additive primaries?

A

when primary colors are added to produce white

25
Q

What are complementary colors?

A

any 2 colors that add to give white

26
Q

What are the subtractive primaries?

A

yellow, cyan, and magenta

27
Q

What is the complementary color of cyan?

A

red

28
Q

What is the complementary color of green?

A

magenta

29
Q

What is the complementary color of yellow?

A

blue

30
Q

What is the color of black?

A

absence of color

31
Q

Why is the sky blue?

A

scattering of high frequencies of N2 and O2

32
Q

Why are sunsets red?

A

scattering of blue light makes the sun appear more yellowish

33
Q

Why is water greenish blue?

A

water is strong absorber of IR and red; remove red and left with cyan

34
Q

What is the predominant color deficiency/color blindness?

A

red-green

35
Q

What does mixing green and red get?

A

yellow

36
Q

What does mixing green and blue get?

A

cyan

37
Q

What does mixing blue and red get?

A

magenta

38
Q

What does mixing yellow and magenta get?

A

red

39
Q

What does mixing cyan and yellow get?

A

green

40
Q

What does cyan and magenta get?

A

blue

41
Q

What is fermat’s principle?

A

light travels in a straight line and will take the path of the least time

42
Q

What is law of reflection and what does it stand true for?

A

angle of incidence = angle of reflection
true for specular (mirror-like) reflection

43
Q

What type of reflection are most objects seen by?

A

diffuse reflection

44
Q

What type of images do convex mirrors always create?

A

diminished, upright, and virtual

45
Q

What type of images can concave mirrors create? (2)

A

Real images - inverted, magnified, diminished, or same size as object
Virtual image - upright and magnified

46
Q

What is refraction?

A

bending of light as it passes obliquely from 1 medium to another; different speeds of light in the different medias

47
Q

Explain dispersion

A

think of how the prism works and the different colors with different bends

48
Q

Are rainbows an example of dispersion?

A

yes; due to individual drops

49
Q

What is a green flash?

A

happens at sunset; blue light scatters and becomes dimmer; happens very quickly

50
Q

What is total internal reflection (TIR)?

A

begins at critical angle; light enters a medium of lesser index of refraction (water to air)

51
Q

True or False. Lenses use refraction to form images. What’s an example?

A

True; fresnal lens

52
Q

What happens in a spherical aberration?

A

image becomes fuzzy

53
Q

What happens in chromatic abberation?

A

colors bend different; no focal point

Physics 1 (3 decks)

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