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History of Rock 'n' roll > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Song: Put Your Head on My Shoulder*

A

Artist: Paul Anka
Genera: Pop (teen idols)
 Begins with electric guitar with echo, backup harmonized vocals (imitating guitar melody), piano with triple division of beat, bass guitar and drums
 Uses the doo-wop progression in an AABA format (depart from doo-wop progression in the B section bridge)
 Solo vocals enter – melodic vocal style – this takes precedence
 Drums and bass supply a constant background – guitar and backup vocals enter for fills

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2
Q

Song: The Locomotion*

A

Artist: Little Eva
Genera: Pop (dance craze)
 Starts with drums – then sax and bass enter
 Drums become more active as lead vocals enter
 Harmonizing backup vocals enter – first in call and response with the lead and then as accompaniment
 When instructions start, instrumentation becomes sparse – handclaps emphasize the backbeat
 #1 in 2 diff decades

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3
Q

Song: The Banana Boat Song (Day-O)*

A

Artist: Harry Belafonte
Genera: early folk music
 Begins with bongo drums – vocals enter over a constant drum roll
 Steel drums, cymbals, bass and bongos accompany lead singer
 Call and response between lead and backup singers – sometimes this call and response is split between two groups of backup vocalists
 Very laidback
 Lyrics are story-like-a work song

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4
Q

Song: Tom Dooley (FORMAL ANALYSIS)*

A

Artist: The Kingston Trio
Genera: early folk music
 Instrumentation is acoustic guitar and banjo, acoustic bass, and vocals
 Vocals enter speaking – telling a story
 Guitar and banjo outline melody until the vocals take it over
 Guitar and banjo then become accompaniment
 Chorus has a mixture of harmonized and solo vocals
 Verses feature a clear lead singer with harmonized backup vocals
 Form is simple verse-chorus
 12/8 time signature

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5
Q

Song: Where Have All the Flowers Gone*

A

Artist: The Kingston Trio
Genera: early folk music
 Cover of a Pete Seeger tune
 Starts with 12-string acoustic guitars – no drums
 Boys sing in unison to begin with and then break into harmony
 Lyrics are politically/socially motivated

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6
Q

Song: Walk Right In*

A

Artist: The rooftop Singers
Genera: Early folk
 Begins with an instrumental opening – instrumentation consists of two 12-string guitars – percussive sounds are the sound of the strings
 Harmonized vocals enter – female vocalist has the main melody – men provide the harmony
 Instrumental solo follows the melody line exactly
 This is a simple verse song, but the verses themselves are arranged in an AABA format
 Lyrics are of welcoming nature

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7
Q

Song: Green, Green*

A

Artist: The New Christy Minstrels
Genera: Early Folk
 Begins with 12-string guitar – guitar and banjo add in
 Unison vocals enter with the chorus – male and female vocals
 Lead solo vocals enter with the verses – raspy vocal style
 Contrasting verse-chorus form
 Lyrics of a story

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8
Q

Song: If I Had a Hammer*

A

Artist: Peter, Paul and Mary
Genera: Early folk music
 Starts with acoustic guitars
 Mary takes lead vocals
 Peter and Paul sing harmonized backup vocals
 Lyrics speak of justice, freedom and love
 No drums* (sounds like there are cuz of guitar)

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9
Q

What were the 6 things seen with the dramatic left-side political shift

A

-anti war
-students uprising
-civil rights movement
-student power
-counter power
-womens liberations

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10
Q

What kind of music was seen in the 60’s

A

-resurgence of folk
-surf
-teen groups
-dance craze

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11
Q

Image for the teen idol

A

Image of the boy or girl next door. Image was one of the more important things (even more so than the singing aspect)

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12
Q

What is Your Hit Parade

A

TV show that showed top 10 songs of the week.
-aimed at adult audience
-mainly teen idols but occasionally had rockabily and mainstream rock

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13
Q

Why was Dick Clark and American Bandstand important to rock

A

-respectability to rock that didn’t exist before
-would portray clean cut look (strict dress code- him and those in show)
-songs that were too racy or suggestive were cut (too risky)
-serve as a tranquiliser that reassured parents that rock wouldn’t turn their children rebellious or corrupt
-equal representation of back an white performers

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14
Q

Song: Down in Mexico (FORMAL ANALYSIS)*

A

Artist: The Coasters
Genera: pop (rise of the producer)
 Begins with solo sax in a sort of call and response with harmonized backup vocals and electric guitar
 Percussion enters with its own rhythmic riff – instrumentation includes bass guitar, lead guitar, percussion, piano and saxophone
 Lead vocals enter – backup vocals fall into accompaniment – electric guitar supplies fills
 AABA form – first two A section describes the bar and its patron, in particular, the piano player; last A section sums up the song
 B section is characterized by bongo drums to bring out the rhythm of the “exotic dancer”

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15
Q

Song: It’s My Party*

A

Artist: Lesley Gore
Genera: pop (rise of the girl groups)
 Begins with brass, then lead and backup vocals enter with drums, handclaps – handclaps emphasize backbeat – drop out at the end of the chorus
 Solo vocals sing verse over drums, piano, guitar, bass and backup vocals
 Melody remains the most important aspect – once again, instruments are relegated to the background of the fabric
 Lyrics about her party

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16
Q

Song: My Boyfriend’s Back*

A

Artist: The Angels
Genera: pop (rise of the girl groups)
 Begins with drums, handclaps and spoken vocals
 Guitar comes in with shots
 Call and response between lead vocals (accompanied by drums and handclaps) and harmonized backup vocals (guitar enters)
 Eventually the texture will expand to include horns

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17
Q

In the early 60’s of the dance craze what kind of dances were the most populated

A

instructional dances

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18
Q

what kind of singer was Little Eva

A

‘instructional dancer’
which ultimately hurt her career

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19
Q

What was the importance of the dance craze

A

-bring rock n roll to r&b roots
-generate lots of excitement in slump in 60’s
-keeps black music on the charts
-becomes precurser to disco trend in 70’s
-shows trend in dancing that is still seen today (more accessible dancing)
-adults can even participate in these dances

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20
Q

Why were the Weavers (folk music) black listed

A

because of their strong left wing political views

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21
Q

What was the early revival of folk music seen as

A

-music written by the people for the people
-more community driven

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22
Q

Who was The Kingston Trio made up of

A

3 college students:
o Bob McShane – guitar
o Nick Reynolds – guitar/bongos
o Dave Guard – banjo

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23
Q

what was different about Peter, Paul and Mary’s image

A

Peter and Paul sported mustaches and goatees, Mary had long straight hair

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24
Q

What are the Four Main Characteristics of the Early Folk Revival

A
  1. Lyrics – a new sense of seriousness was found in the lyrics, as they often spoke of major issues of social and political importance
  2. Demographics– the music was geared not towards teens but towards the collage-aged population (18-24)
  3. Albums – The trend moved towards the sales of LP’s rather than money to spend- and a longer attention span
  4. Instrumentation – acoustic instrumentation only- electronic instrumentation was considered artificial and with it, the music wasn’t ‘real’
25
Q

What is the similarities/resemblance between Brill Building pop and early folk

A

While the image of the two styles contrasted, the business mechanisms that marketed the music were very similar – music was, once again, marketed towards a similar group

26
Q

What was the early wave of rock n roll characterised by

A

Self contained musicians, The control sat with the artist

27
Q

What is the job of an A&R (artists and repertoire)

A

Responsible for the extra positions (make sure all roles are filled, coffee breaks, food, ect.)

28
Q

Where did Leiber and Stroller meet

A

California

29
Q

What work did Leiber and Stoller do

A

Both were producers Leiber contributed the lyrics while Stoller wrote the music

30
Q

What music did did Leiber and Stoller mostly cover

A

Black styles (cuz thats what they both grew up around)

31
Q

What were the Coasters successful with

A

Straddle the line between comedy and music

32
Q

What was Connie Francis considered

A

The prototype for female singers

33
Q

What group did Feldman’s employer originally want the song “My Boyfriends Back” to be sung by

A

The Shirelles but he created his own record company to have the Angels do it instead cuz thats the direction he wanted to go with

34
Q

What was Phil Spector know for

A

The wall of sound

35
Q

What was unique about the way Phil Spector recorded

A

 The “teenage symphony” was accomplished by placing many musicians in a single room
 Spector’s aim was to record everything all at once
 Lead vocals were then placed in the forefront of the texture- backup vocals were next important
 Lead vocals were often recorded twice and added on top of each other for depth
 Strings would be added at the end of the process
 Massive use of reverb (sound of a dry room- no echo, live room-hard surfaces and everything is loud)

36
Q

Song: Up On the Roof*

A

Artist: The Drifters
Genera: Sweet Soul
 Begins with guitar, piano, bass and drums playing a riff under clear, melodic lead vocals
 Strings enter with a counter melody to the lead vocals
 Backup vocals enter, first “oooh-ing” and then singing words
 Texture builds to include brass, sax and glockenspiel
 Lyrica about escaping from it all…

37
Q

Song: On Broadway*

A

Artist: The Drifters
Genera: Sweet Soul
 Begins with a very distinct riff that permeates the entire song
 Piano, percussion, and guitar play this riff
 Melodic lead vocals enter and engage in a call and response with the harmonized backup vocals
 Backup vocals fall into more of an accompanimental role
 Eventually the texture includes brass and strings – Spector’s solo comes around the 2 minute mark
 Lyrics speak of becoming famous

38
Q

Song: Spanish Harlem*

A

Artist: Ben E. King
Genera: Sweet soul
 Begins with percussion, marimba and bass – Latin influence (other instruments include strings and brass)
 Vocals enter – smooth, melodic vocals
 Harmonized backup vocals enter sporadically – nonsense syllables
 Instrumental solo is taken by strings and saxophone – this is first time they enter
 Lyrics about romance

39
Q

Song: Stand By Me*

A

Artist: Ben E. King
Genera: Sweet soul
 This song illustrates a layered texture – instruments and vocals enter one at a time and thus as the song progresses, the musical texture gets more dense
 Begins with a walking bass riff accompanied by percussion – steady riff will define the song
 Clear, melodic lead vocals enter – sometimes semi-shouting, guitar enters as well
 Strings enter next with a counter melody; followed by harmonized backup vocals
 Lyrics speak of friendship and devotion

40
Q

Song: Walk On By*

A

Artist: Dionne Warwick
Genera: Sweet soul
 Piano, drums, percussion and guitar enter with a riff
 Melodic vocals enter
 Brass and organ enter to backup the vocals through the title lyrics
 Strings enter in the background of the texture
 Piano becomes more prevalent in the texture – harmonized vocals enter with shots
 Lyrics about a breakup

41
Q

Song: Bye Bye Love*

A

Artist: The Everly Brothers
Genera: rockabilly popsters
 Starts with acoustic guitar intro
 Bass guitar enters with vocals
 Harmonized vocals sing the chorus
 Verses are sung solo by Don – note the nasal vocal quality – a definite C&W trait
 Lyrics speak of breakup

42
Q

Song: Cathy’s Clown*

A

Artist: The Everly Brothers
Genera: Rockabilly popsters
 Song has two very distinct sections
 Section A is characterized by a military-style drumbeat; other instrumentation is electric guitar, acoustic guitar and bass
 Guitar chords emphasize the backbeat
 Harmonized vocals enter over this accompaniment
 Section B features a more r’n’r drumbeat; piano enters and is quite prominent; guitar continues to hit chords on the backbeat
 Lyrics speak of being dumped by a girl

43
Q

Song: Only the Lonely*

A

Artist: Roy Orbison
Genera: Rockabilly popsters
 Begins with backup doo-wop style vocals
 Piano, drums, guitar and bass enter
 Solo vocals over this accompaniment
 Use of stop time at the bridge – vocals go to falsetto; strings and vibraphone enter with drums
 From this point, strings become much more prevalent
 Lyrics of heartbreak after breakup

44
Q

Song: Oh, Pretty Woman*

A

Artist: Roy Orbison
Genera: Rockabilly popsters
 Begins with a steady drumbeat; guitar and bass enters with a riff
 This leads to the entrance of harmonized melodic vocals; piano enters
 The guitar riff enters to delineate verses and the bridge
 Orbison inserts vocal interjections – “oh mercy” and growling
 The bridge is characterized by harmonized vocal, an active piano line, electric guitar and the steady beat of the drums
 Lyrics about appreciation of beauty

45
Q

What is sweet soul a mix of

A

Gospel and R&B

46
Q

Characteristics of sweet soul

A

o Fluid lead vocals – very melodic and emotional
o Often supported by doo-wop backup vocals- use of nonsense syllables, although words were sometimes employed
o Counter melodies in the strings- very typical of classical music
o A rhythm section (drums, bass, piano and percussion) laying down a medium tempo beat
o Sometimes influenced by Latin musical (Calypso influence)

47
Q

Song: Surfin’ U.S.A. (FORMAL ANALYSIS)

A

Artist: The Beach Boys
Genera: Surf music
Ø Starts out with a short electric guitar solo
Ø Clear lead vocals enter with drums – guitars and backup vocals provide fills
Ø Use of falsetto
Ø Everything becomes more active in the second verse
Ø Form is Simple verse, 4/4 time signature
Ø Not a strong backbeat – all four beats are emphasized
Ø Instruments include electric guitars, bass, drums, and organ

48
Q

Song: Fun, Fun, Fun*

A

Artist: The Beach Boys
Genera: Surf music
Ø Starts with a guitar solo that is remarkably similar to Chuck Berry’s Johnny B. Goode
Ø Instrumentation includes electric guitar, bass, Hammond organ and drums (fairly strong backbeat)
Ø Solo vocals through the verse; harmonized vocals enter at “Fun, Fun, Fun” and remain for the rest of the song
Ø Featured solo instrument is the Hammond organ
Ø lyrics are about cars and girls

49
Q

Song: Surf City*

A

Artist: Jan and Dean
Genera: surf music
Ø Starts with drums and harmonized voices – use of falsetto
Ø Bass and guitar join in
Ø Call and response between lead and backup vocals
Ø Chorus features solo vocals and two sets of backup vocals – one singing “Surf City” and the other oohing
Ø Lyrics about surfing

50
Q

Song: Rebel Rouser*

A

Artist: Duane Eddy
Genera: surf instrumental
Ø Features a layered texture
Ø Begins with just electric guitar – good example of the twangy guitar style
Ø Drums and bass enter next – boom-chick, two-beat bass
Ø Sax enters
Ø Key changes and backup vocals enter
Ø No lead vocals

51
Q

Song: Misirlou*

A

Artist: Dick Dale
Genera: Surf instrumental
Ø Starts with guitar – excellent example of tremolo style
Ø Use of vocal interjections (but no lyric content)
Ø Bass and drums enter – considerable emphasis on the backbeat
Ø Brass (horns) enter later in song

52
Q

Song: Wipe Out*

A

Artist: The Surfaris
Genera: Surf instrumental
Ø Twelve bar blues with stop time
Ø Starts with extraneous noise and vocals (no lyric content)
Ø Drums enter next – steady beat, no real emphasis on the backbeat
Ø Bass enters; lead guitar takes melody line
Ø Stop time features the drums; cymbals become more present

53
Q

Song: Teen Angel*

A

Artist: Mark Dinning
Genera: The splatter platter (pop)
Ø Begins with guitar, lead male vocals and harmonized backup female vocals
Ø Solo lead vocals set up the story over guitar – the majority of the verse is sung this way
Ø Harmonized backup vocals return at the end of this verse – light drums, bass enter for the chorus
Ø Contrasting verse-chorus form
Ø Lyrics of teens death

54
Q

Comparison of folk and surf music

A

Folk Music
-Folk was serious music dealing with social issues
-Folk was originally acoustic music
-Folk themes dealt with civil rights, sentiments and racial harmony
-Folk was a Midwest/East coast phenomena
-Folk was geared towards the college crowd
Surf music
-Surf was all entertainment, dealing political and with cars, girls, waves and parties
-Surf used all the new technological advances
-Surf themes dealt with images of anti-war affluence – fast cars & pretty people
-Surf was a West coast phenomena
-Surf was geared towards teenagers

55
Q

Surf Instrumental

A

Ø Early surf music was instrumental
Ø Although sax and organ would be used at time
Ø Electric guitar was most predominant instrument
Ø Much of the foundation of the “surf style” is found Duane Eddy
Ø Eddy’s distinctive and influential style was achieved by twangy guitar sound
Ø Use of vibrato produced a wave effect

56
Q

What was the Splatter Platter

A

Ø The teenage romanticization of death becomes very prevalent around the turn of the decade
Ø The agony of young love became such a hot commodity and a market developed for the ultimate musical tragedy

57
Q

7 things teenagers and young adults of this generation (after the assassination of JFK) took up a number of causes:

A

o The Civil Rights
o Protesting the Vietnam war (wanted peace)
o Women’s Liberation
o Ecological issues- Urban sprawl
o Searching for oneself - zen buddhism, transcendental meditation, marijuana, LSD (state altering drugs)
o Rebellion against the establishment
o Sexual revolution

58
Q

Song: I Want to Hold Your Hand (FORMAL ANALYSIS)*

A

Artist: the Beatles
Genera: pop (Beatlemania)
Ø Starts with a “pickup”
Ø Guitar, drums, bass – lots of cymbals
Ø When solo vocals start, handclaps emphasize the backbeat
Ø Harmonizing backup vocals enter sporadically
Ø Basic r’n’r beat replaces handclaps at the bridge
Ø Lyrics of romantic teenage love
Ø ABBA form 4/4 time signature

History of Rock 'n' roll (4 decks)

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