Exam 2 Flashcards
Define “evolution”
Explain natural and sexual selection
Recognize Darwin’s publications
List Darwin’s initial evidence
Define “abiogenesis”
Define “evolutionary psychology”
Define “adaptation”
Recognize psychological adaptations
List psych. traits attractive for women
Explain gene selection theory
Define “sexual dimorphism”
Explain sexual strategies theory
Explain parental investment theory
List mating preferences for men
Explain fidelity/infidelity adaptations
Explain how sexual orientation and gender identity are adaptive
Describe error management theory
Explain cost asymmetries
Explain sexual overperception bias
Define “genetics” and “gene”
Describe Mendel’s experiment
Discriminate genotype/phenotype
The genotype is a set of genes in DNA responsible for unique traits or characteristics, while the phenotype is the physical appearance or characteristic of an organism.
Identify nucleotide base pairs in DNA
Describe genetic replication
Describe RNA’s function
Define “nature”, “nurture” and “behavioral genetics”
Identify research techniques used in behavioral genetics
Define “epigenetics”
-The study of how environmental and behavioral factors affect gene expression without changing the DNA sequence
-It focuses on how environmental factors can “turn on” or “turn off” gene expression, allowing organisms to adapt more rapidly to their surroundings.
Define “quantitative genetics” and “heritability coefficient”
Explain polygenic inheritance
Explain Lamarckian inheritance
Explain DNA methylation
The addition of a methyl group to DNA, typically to a cytosine base. It often represses gene expression and affect how cells function
Identify triggers for DNMT3
Explain histone modification
Histones are proteins that package DNA into chromosomes. Modifying these histones, like adding or removing acetyl groups, can either activate or repress gene expression.
Describe GWAS
GWAS examine genomes and epigenomes across large populations to identify specific variants linked to particular traits;
helped uncover how epigenetic mechanisms, influence physiological and psychological traits: including autism, cancer, and mental disorders.
Identify heritable epigenetic effects
Define “social neuroscience”
Recognize soc. neuroscience tools
Identify social processing areas
Explain the neuroscience of prejudice
Describe how social factors can influence social behavior
Discriminate kinds of empathy
Explain mirror neurons
Identify empathy processing areas
Describe factors influencing empathy
Describe broken mirror theory
Define “stress”
Explain the HPA axis
Recognize hormones for stress
Explain GAS
Define “karoshi”
Identify love processing areas
Describe vagus nerves
Recognize hormones for love
Compare OT and AVP
Explain love and stress relationship
