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Physical assessment > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

How many bones are in the cranium?

A

8

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2
Q

How many bones are in the face?

A

14

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3
Q

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

Rotates and flexes the head

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4
Q

Trapezius muscle

A

Extends the head and moves the shoulders

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5
Q

What are the cranial nerves?

A

I olfactory; smell
II optic; vision
III oculomotor; eye movement
IV trochlear; eye movement
V trigmenal; face
VI abducens; eye movement
VIII Auditory (vestibulocochlear); hearing/balance
XI spinal accessory; motor head and neck
XII hypoglossal; motor- lower throat tongue mobility + strength

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6
Q

Blood vessels located in the neck?

A
  • internal jugular veins and carotid arteries. Located parallel and anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscles
    *DO NOT compress both sides at the same time it can cause patient to pass out
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7
Q

Hypothyroidism presentations?

A

-High sensitivity to cold
-Constipation
-depression
-Fatigue
-Increase in weight
-Bradycardia

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8
Q

Hyperthyroidism presentations?

A

-Weight loss
-Tachycardia
-Anxiety
-Nervousness
-Enlarged palpable thyroid soft blowing/swishing sound when asculated (bruit)
-Exophthalmos: bulging of the eyes (with Graves’ disease only)

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9
Q

Symptoms of Meningitis

A

Nausea, vomiting, *neck stiffness

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10
Q

Lymph nodes of the head and neck

A

-Preauricular
-Postauricular
-Occipital
-Tonsillar
-Submandibular
-Submental
-Superficial cervical
-Posterior cervical
-Deep cervical
-Supraclavicular
*if healthy should be less than 1cm

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11
Q

What to note when palpating the lymph nodes?

A

-Size + shape
-Delimitation (position or boundary)
-Mobility
-Consistency
-Tenderness + location

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12
Q

Tender and enlarged lymph nodes suggest?

A

Acute infections

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13
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Swollen lymph nodes

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14
Q

Goiter

A

Enlarged thyroid gland
(can be caused by iodine deficiency)

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15
Q

Asymmetry of earlobes occurs with?

A

Parotid glad enlargement

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16
Q

Types of headaches and their characteristics

A
  • Sinus headache: deep, constant, throbbing pain. Occurs with or after a cold. My occur in one area of along eyebrow ridge and below cheek
  • Cluster headache: stabbing pain. May be accompanied by ingesting alcohol. Localized in the eye region
  • Tension Headache: dull, tight, diffuse. May occur with stress, anxiety, or depression. Located in the frontal, temporal, or occipital region
  • Migraine Headache: nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light and noise. Located around eyes, cheeks, or forehead; may affect only one side of the face
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17
Q

Acromegaly

A

Enlargement of the facial features, hands, and feet

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18
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

Moon shaped face w reddened cheeks and increased facial skin

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19
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

twitching, weakness, paralysis, drooping eyelids or corner of mouth

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20
Q

Abbreviations for eye and ears

A

OS= left eye
OD= right eye
OU= both eyes
AS= left ear
AD= right ear
AU= both ears

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21
Q

Mnemonic for assessing pupils

A

PERRLA
Pupils
Equal
Round
Reactive
Light
Accommodation

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22
Q

What are the eye directions?

A
  • Esotropia: eye turns inward
  • Exotropia: eye turns out
  • Hypertropia: eye turns up
  • Hypotropia: eye turns down
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23
Q

Abnormalities of the eye

A
  • Papilledema: swelling of optic disk
  • Muscular degeneration (black hole is seen) *use amsler test
  • Glaucoma: test with puff of air *tonometry test. Normal pressure 10-21 < risk for glaucoma
  • Cataracts: 1st common source of blindness *cloudiness of the eye
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24
Q

What are the vision tests and how they are performed?

A
  • Snellen chart: tests distant visual acuity; lines of different letters stacked one above the other
  • E chart: tests distant visual acuity for clients who cannot read or has a verbal handicap
  • Jaegar test: near vision test; done by holding pocket screener or newspaper 14 inches away
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25
What time should be longer when assessing the ears?
Air conduction > Bone conduction
26
Conductive hearing loss
Something blocks or impairs the passage of vibrations from getting to the inner ear
27
Sensorineural or perceptive hearing loss
Damage is located in inner ear
28
Tinnitus
Ringing in the ears *could be a symptom of ototoxic medications -ototoxic medication can cause hearing loss
29
Inappropriate use of ototoxic drugs during pregnancy is a risk for?
Baby having hearing loss
30
Risk factors for otitis media?
Babies fed from a bottle, especially lying down
31
Risk reduction to preserve hearing?
If you have a newborn, avoid feeding from bottle while laying on back
32
Ear tests and how to conduct them?
- Whisper test: have client place finger on tragus of ear and whisper a a two syllable word 1-2 feet behind the client - Webber test: place tuning fork on center of head or forehead - Rinne test: place tuning fork on mastoid process and then anterior ear - Romberg test: tests equilibrium; place arms around patient to ensure they dont fall
33
Where should the cone of light be seen in right and left ear?
Right ear seen at 5 o’clock Left ear seen at 7 o’clock
34
When assessing ears with an otoscope
- pull ear up and back for adults and older children - Pull ear down and back for infants and children under 3 years
35
Presbycusis
Hearing loss common after 50 years of age
36
Otalgia
Earache
37
Vertigo
Spinning motion
38
BPPV
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo *can test with Epley Maneuver
39
Otitis externa
Swimmers ear. PAIN when pinna and tragus are moved
40
Darwin tubercle
Small painless nodule on the helix
41
Acute otitis media
Tympanic membrane is red, bulging w no light reflex
42
Serous otitis media
fluid collects in the middle ear causing an obstruction of the auditory tube
43
Ostosclerosis
Abnormal spongy bone formation found around the stapes
44
Most common site for tongue cancer
Side of tongue
45
Most common site for oral cancer
Under the tongue
46
Epistaxis
Nose bleed *kiesselbachs area= common site for nose bleeding
47
Rhinorhea
Runny nose
48
Most common oral cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma on the lip
49
Disphagea
Difficulty swallowing
50
Bruxism
Grinding of the teeth
51
Distinctive mouth odors
- Fruity breath - Ammonia smelling: kidney disease - Stool smelling breath: intestine blockage - Sulfur smelling: liver disease
52
Giving meds buccal route
In the cheek
53
Sublingual meds
Under the tongue
54
Blue-black line in gums
Led poisoning
55
How to grade tonsils?
1+ normal 2+ midway between tonsillar pillars and uvula 3+ touching uvula 4+ touching each other
56
Thrush
White fungal infection on the tongue *can be caused by not washing mouth out when using inhaler
57
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Lips are reddish
58
Frenulum
Connects tongue to floor of mouth
59
What are the names of the sinuses that can be assessed and the ones you cannot assesses
Can assess: Frontal and maxillary sinuses Cannot assess: sphenoidal and the ethmoidal
60
Signs of vitamin B12 deficiency?
Smooth, red, shiny tongue, without papillae
61
Torus palatinus
Hard mass found in midline of palate of mouth
62
Aging of the head, face, and Neck
- Decrease in pulsation of temporal artery - Facial wrinkles - Neck pain with arthritis - kyphosis - palpable thyroid feels more nodular
63
Aging of the eyes
-Presbyopia -Yellowish bulbar conjunctiva - Arcus senilis - Entropy and ectropian
64
When using an opthalmascope
Right hand with right eye Left hand with left eye
65
Accommodation
Assessing by looking at pupillary response near (constrict) and far (dilate)
66
Aging of the ears
-Presbycusis -Elongated ear lobes - harder cerumen (ear wax) - Cilia more rigid - eardrum appears cloudy
67
Aging of mouth, throat, nose, and sinuses
- receding gums - tooth surfaces worn down - decreased smell and taste - oral mucosa is dry - varicose veins in ventral surface of tongue
68
Location of Supersternal notch, angle of Louis, and xyphoid process?
- Supersternal notch: between clavicles - Angle of Luis: on the manubrium -Xyphoid process: bottom point of the manubrium
69
What notch should your lungs be at during inhalation and exhalation
- inhalation: 7th or 8th - exhalation: 5th or 6th
70
Fremitus
Vibrations of air in the bronchial tubes *have patient repeat ninety-nine
71
Difference between left and right lung
Right: 3 sections Left: 2 sections
72
COPD
Barrel lungs Clubbed finger nails Tripod position (orthopenic position) *do not increase O2 will make patient worse
73
Crepitus
Crackling sensation; feels like rice crispies
74
Normal breath sounds
- Bronchial: high pitch, short during inspiration long during expiration; trachea and thorax - Bronchovesicular: moderate pitch, same during inspiration and exhalation; over major bronchi, between scapulae, around upper sternum - Vesicular: low pitch, long in inspiration short in exhalation; peripheral lung fields
75
Aging in thorax and lungs
- Dyspnea - chest pain - ability to cough effectively - kyphosis - decrease in thoracic expansion - sternum and ribs may be more prominent
76
How many pairs of ribs are there?
12
77
Tachypnea
Respirations over 20
78
Bradypnea
Respirations less than 12
79
Where are you more likely to find breast cancer?
Upper outer quadrant
80
What is it called when males have a greater amount of breast tissue?
Gynecomastia
81
Most common cancer among women
Breast cancer *5-10% breast cancer are hereditary from the BRCA gene
82
Adventious breath sounds
- Crackle: crumbly hair by ear sound; COPD, pneumonia - Wheeze: Hight pitched , musical sounds; asthma - Stridor: high pitched whistle or squeak; obstruction or narrowing of upper airway
83
Hyperplasia
Enlarged red gums; may cover some of exposed teeth
84
Normocephaly
“Normal” head size

Physical assessment (3 decks)

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