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Nursing > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

aging and mobility, vital signs, physical assessment, documentation

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1
Q

What are some of the reasons why people in the stage of late adulthood might not have healthy nutrition?

A

finances, poor diet education, chronic diseases, low resources

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2
Q

Name the American Hospital Association’s (AHA’s) seven goals to prevent heart disease.

A

healthy diet
exercise
avoid increase weight
no smoking
blood pressure
cholesterol
blood sugar

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3
Q

Heart disease

A

Cause: weak pulse, high blood pressure, chest pain.

Nursing action: improve circulation, lower blood pressure, and administer medication.

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4
Q

Type 2 Diabetes

A

Cause: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, dry skin, blurred vision.

Nursing action: encourage exercise and a healthy diet.

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5
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Cause: bones become porous and more susceptible to fractures.

Nursing action: increase calcium and vitamin D intake, eat foods with high calcium, limit sodas or colas

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6
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

Agnosia- unable to recognize
Anomia- unable to name objects
Aphasia- unable to comprehend
Apraxia- unable to perform task
Amnesia- memory loss

Nursing action: educate family and patient on medications and encourage a strict routine.

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7
Q

Rotation

A

moving lengthwise

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8
Q

Circumduction

A

moving in a circular fashion

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9
Q

Extension

A

straightening the arm

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10
Q

Eversion

A

moving the palm of the hand to face downward

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11
Q

Pronation

A

turning soles outward

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12
Q

Adduction

A

moving closer to the midline

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13
Q

Abduction

A

moving away from the midline

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14
Q

Flexion

A

bending the joint and decreasing the angle between bone

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15
Q

Inversion

A

turning the sole of the foot toward the midline

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16
Q

What is a mobility assessment?

A

An objective assessment

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17
Q

Immobility effects

A

degradation of cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal functions

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18
Q

Risk for impaired mobility

A

falls, poor ROM, pressure ulcers, blood clots, and pneumonia

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19
Q

Capillary refill check and time

A

fingers and toes
less then 3 seconds

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20
Q

Systole

A

period of contraction the ventricles of the heart that occurs between the first and second heart sounds to the cardiac cycle

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21
Q

Diastole

A

period of relaxation of the heart muscle, accompanied by the filling of the chamber with blood

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22
Q

Cardiac Output

A

the amount of blood pumped by the heart

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23
Q

Stroke Volume

A

the volume of blood that is pumped out of the heart’s left ventricle during each systolic cardiac contraction.

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24
Q

Viscosity

A

the resistance of a fluid movement when forces are applied to it.

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25
Q

Peripheral Vascular Resistance

A

the resistance in the circulatory system that is used to create blood pressure, the flow of the blood and is also a component of cardiac function.

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26
Q

Contractility

A

the capability or quality to shrink or contract.

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27
Q

Preload

A

the stretch of the myocardium or end-diastolic volume of the ventricles.

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28
Q

Korotkoff sounds

A

generated when a blood pressure cuff changes the flow of blood through the artery.

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29
Q

Hypertension

A

when the pressure in your blood vessels is too high (140/90mmHg or higher)

30
Q

Hypotension

A

a decrease in systemic blood pressure below accepted low values. (90/60 mmHg or lower)

31
Q

Pulse deficit

A

occurs when the heart is contracting, and the pulse is not reaching the periphery.

32
Q

Cheyne-stroke

A

an atypical pattern of breathing involving deep breathing followed by shallow breathing.

33
Q

Kussmaul respirations

A

fast, deep breathing that occurs in response to metabolic acidosis.

34
Q

Dyspnea

A

a sensation of running out of air and of not being able to breathe fast enough of deeply enough.

35
Q

Hypoxia

A

low levels of oxygen in your body tissues.

36
Q

Cutaneous stimulation

A

simulation of nerves vis skin contact in an effort to reduce pain impulses to the brain.

37
Q

ROM

A

the movement potential of a joint from full extension to full flexion.

38
Q

Gait

A

a pattern of running or walking

39
Q

Posture

A

the position of the body in space.

40
Q

Arthritis

A

inflammation/degeneration of joints.

41
Q

Orientation

A

a person’s level of awareness to self, place, time, and situation.

42
Q

Focused assessment

A

a detailed nursing assessment of specific body system(s) related to the presenting problem or other current concern(s).

43
Q

Affect

A

a patient’s immediate expression or emotion.

44
Q

Costal margin

A

the lower edge of the chest (thorax) formed by the bottom edge of the rib cage.

45
Q

Venous distention

A

the bulging of the major veins in your neck.

46
Q

Vascular ulcer

A

wounds on your skin that develop because of problems with blood circulation.

47
Q

PMI

A

the point where there is a maximal impulse against the chest that can be felt.

48
Q

Nasogastric

A

NG

49
Q

No known allergies

A

NKA

50
Q

No known drug allergies

A

NKDA

51
Q

Nothing by mouth

A

NPO

52
Q

Nausea and vomiting

A

N&V

53
Q

Oxygen

A

O2

54
Q

Out of bed

A

OOB

55
Q

Through or by

A

thru

56
Q

By mouth

A

PO

57
Q

As needed

A

PRN

58
Q

Q

A

each or any

59
Q

r/o

A

rule out

60
Q

Rx

A

prescription

61
Q

Stat

A

right now

62
Q

TID

A

three times a day

63
Q

Tx

A

treatment

64
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

65
Q

Wt

A

weight

66
Q

Normal SBP range

A

120 to 139 mmHg

67
Q

Normal DBP range

A

80 to 84 mmHg

68
Q

Normal temperature range

A

96.8 to 100.4

69
Q

Normal RR

A

12 to 20 bpm

70
Q

Normal SAT

A

95% to 100%

71
Q

Best auscultated apical pulse

A

60 to 100

72
Q

Temperature sites

A

temporal, oral, tympanic, axillary, and rectal

Nursing (1 decks)

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