Exam 2

Question 1

Abscess

Answer 1

A localized collection of pus resulting from an infection or inflammation within tissue.

Question 2

Addison’s disease

Answer 2

A chronic endocrine disorder characterized by insufficient production of hormones by the adrenal glands, leading to symptoms like fatigue and low blood pressure.

Question 3

Aldosterone

Answer 3

A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and potassium balance, influencing blood pressure and fluid balance.

Question 4

Amniocentesis

Answer 4

A diagnostic procedure performed during pregnancy where amniotic fluid is sampled to assess fetal health and genetic conditions.

Question 5

Antibody

Answer 5

A specialized protein produced by the immune system that binds to specific antigens, neutralizing pathogens or marking them for destruction.

Question 6

Arterial

Answer 6

Pertaining to arteries, the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

Question 7

Babesiosis

Answer 7

A malaria-like parasitic infection transmitted by ticks, affecting red blood cells and causing symptoms such as fever and anemia.

Question 8

Benign

Answer 8

Referring to a condition or growth that is non-cancerous and generally poses no serious threat to health.

Question 9

Buffy coat

Answer 9

The layer of white blood cells and platelets that separates from red blood cells in a centrifuged blood sample.

Question 10

Carbohydrate

Answer 10

A macronutrient found in various foods that provides a primary source of energy through its breakdown into glucose.

Question 11

Catalyst

Answer 11

A substance that accelerates a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

Question 12

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 12

The clear fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord, providing cushioning and removing waste products.

Question 13

Digoxin

Answer 13

A cardiac glycoside medication used to treat heart failure and atrial arrhythmias by increasing the force of heart contractions.

Question 14

Dysentery

Answer 14

An intestinal infection causing severe diarrhea with blood and mucus, often due to bacteria or parasites.

Question 15

Eclampsia

Answer 15

A severe complication of pregnancy marked by high blood pressure and seizures, typically occurring after preeclampsia.

Question 16

Edema

Answer 16

The accumulation of excess fluid in the tissues, leading to swelling and potentially affecting function.

Question 17

Effusion

Answer 17

The abnormal accumulation of fluid in a body cavity, such as the pleural or pericardial spaces.

Question 18

Endemic

Answer 18

Referring to a disease or condition consistently present within a particular geographic area or population.

Question 19

Fenestration

Answer 19

The presence of openings or perforations in a structure, such as tissue, allowing for passage or drainage.

Question 20

Folic acid

Answer 20

A B vitamin essential for DNA synthesis and cell division, crucial during pregnancy for fetal development.

Question 21

Glycosuria

Answer 21

The presence of excess glucose in the urine, often indicative of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.

Question 22

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Answer 22

An acute autoimmune condition characterized by progressive muscle weakness and paralysis due to nerve inflammation.

Question 23

Hematology

Answer 23

The branch of medicine focused on the study, diagnosis, and treatment of blood disorders and diseases.

Question 24

Hematuria

Answer 24

The presence of blood in the urine, which may indicate various underlying conditions affecting the urinary tract.

Question 25

Hepatitis

Answer 25

Inflammation of the liver caused by viral infections, toxins, or autoimmune diseases, leading to liver dysfunction.

Question 26

Immunity

Answer 26

The ability of an organism to resist and defend against infections through various mechanisms of the immune system.

Question 27

Jaundice

Answer 27

A clinical condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and sclera due to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood.

Question 28

Labile

Answer 28

Subject to frequent and rapid changes, often referring to emotional states or unstable conditions.

Question 29

Latent

Answer 29

Existing but not yet developed or manifest; dormant, especially in the context of diseases or conditions.

Question 30

Leukocyte

Answer 30

A white blood cell involved in the body’s defense mechanisms against infections and foreign substances.

Question 31

Lumbar puncture

Answer 31

A diagnostic procedure involving the extraction of cerebrospinal fluid from the lumbar region to assess neurological conditions.

Question 32

Melanoma

Answer 32

A malignant tumor originating from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the skin, known for its aggressive nature.

Question 33

Nephritis

Answer 33

Inflammation of the kidneys, which can affect kidney function and result in symptoms like pain and urinary abnormalities.

Question 34

Pancreatitis

Answer 34

Inflammation of the pancreas that can cause abdominal pain and disrupt digestive enzyme production.

Question 35

Renal

Answer 35

Pertaining to the kidneys and their functions, including filtration and regulation of bodily fluids.

Question 36

Rubella

Answer 36

A contagious viral infection also known as German measles, which can cause rash, fever, and is particularly concerning during pregnancy.

Question 37

Spina bifida

Answer 37

A congenital defect where the spinal column does not fully close, potentially leading to neurological impairment.

Question 38

Systemic

Answer 38

Affecting the entire body or multiple systems rather than a localized area.

Question 39

Thyroid gland

Answer 39

An endocrine gland located in the neck that produces hormones regulating metabolism, growth, and development.

Question 40

Toxemia

Answer 40

A condition marked by the presence of toxins in the blood, often related to infections or pregnancy complications.