Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm 1 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

Nervous system ; synaptic transmission ; Autonomic Receptors

1
Q

The nervous system is subdivided into what?

A
  • Afferent & Efferent
  • Central Nervous System (CNS) & Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the difference between Afferent & Efferent?

A
  • Afferent (towards CNS)
  • Efferent (away from CNS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is involved in the Afferent system?

A
  • Somatic sensory receptors - skin, muscles, responds to touch/pain/pressure
  • Visceral sensory receptors - monitors internal organs (CV, lungs, digestive, urinary, & reproductive)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is involved in the Efferent system?

A
  • Somatic: we have control over
  • Autonomic: No control over (Sympathetic & Parasympathetic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the subdivisions in the Autonomic Nervous system?

A
  • Sympathetic
  • Parasympathetic
  • Enteric
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some Sympathetic responses?

A

Increased HR, BP; Dilate Bronchioles; Shunts blood to needed muscles (up to 75%) ; “fight or flight” (must be continuously stimulated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some Parasympathetic responses?

A

Energy conservation (brings us back to normal then shuts off) ; Shunts blood to endocrine, GI, Urogenital ; “Rest & Digest” (only need to be stimulated once)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most important Nerve in relation to the heart?

A

Vagus Nerve (X): Slows down HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Craniosacral is apart of which branch of the NS?

A

Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thoracolumbar is apart of which branch of the NS?

A

Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the Fibers in the Thoracolumbar

A
  • Preganglionic (short): terminate in ganglia paravertebral chains
  • Postganglionic (long): innervate affect tissue/organ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the fibers in the Craniosacral

A
  • Preganglionic fibers (long): leave CNS through cranial nerves & sacral spinal roots
  • Postganglionic (short): Terminate on organ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the 3rd part of the Autonomic nervous system?

A

Enteric (primitive - purpose not known) “gut feeling”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Preganglionic fibers in the ANS release what?

A

Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ganglionic fibers in the ANS release what?

A

Epi/Noriepi or ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the effectors of the ANS?

A

Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, & glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the effectors of the Somatic NS?

A

Skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are drugs that mimic the sympathetic NS called?

A

Sympathomimetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the difference between Direct acting & Indirect acting Sympathomimetics?

A
  • Direct: target receptors directly
  • Indirect: do not directly bind to receptor but make it where ligand stays in synapse longer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are actions that sympathetic drugs mimic?

A
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Inotropic & chronotropic cardiac effects
  • Decreased bronchiole tone (inhaled)
  • Decreased uterine muscle tone
21
Q

What is the function of sympatholytics?

A
  • Inhibit SNS (blocker)
  • Decrease BP
  • Target: Alpha & Beta
22
Q

What is the neurotransmitter that affects Cholinergic Receptors?

A

Acetylcholine

23
Q

What is the ligand that affects Adrenergic Receptors?

A

Epi/Noriepi

24
Q

What are the types of Cholinergic Receptors?

A

Muscarinic (stimulated by mushrooms) & Nicotinic (stimulated by nicotine)

25
Q

What are the Adrenergic Receptors?

A

Alpha, Beta, & Dopamine

26
Q

Which of the Muscarinic receptors have an excitatory affect?

A

M1, M3, & M5

27
Q

Which of the Muscarinic receptors have an Inhibitory affect?

A

M2, M4

28
Q

What are the Alpha subtypes?

A

Alpha1 & alpha2

29
Q

What are the Beta subtypes?

A

Beta1, Beta2, & Beta3

30
Q

How many dopamine subtypes are there?

A

5 (D1 to D5)

31
Q

Describe the process from signal transduction to the effectors for Alpha1

A

Epi/Norepi bind to Alpha1 –> stimulates Gq –> Activates phospholipase C –> produces 2nd messenger IP3 & DAG

32
Q

Describe the process from signal transduction to the effectors for Alpha2

A

Epi/Norepi bind to Alpha2 –> stimulates Gi –> Inhibits adenylate cyclase –> stops cAMP production

33
Q

Describe the process from signal transduction to the effectors for Beta1 & Beta2

A

Epi/Norepi bind to Beta1 & Beta2 –> stimulate Gs –> Stimulates adenylate cyclase –> produces cAMP

34
Q

All Adrenergic receptors are which type of proteins?

A

GPCRs

35
Q

Where is Alpha1 mainly found?

A

Smooth muscle

36
Q

Once IP3 & DAG are produced in the Alpha1, what pathways do they take that leads to muscle contraction?

A
  • IP3 –> goes to SR where calcium is stored & binds –> opening Ca channels
    & releasing Ca –> Ca activates enzyme MLCK –> MLCK phosphorates Myosin which causes contraction
  • DAG –> activates PKC –> inhibits MLCP –> keeps myosin in active state (longer contraction)
37
Q

what is the function of the Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase (MLCP)?

A

It strips the phosphate group from MLCK, inactivating MLCK leading to decreased contraction

38
Q

Where is Beta1 found?

A

Heart

38
Q

Once Beta1 is bound & cAMP is produced, what happens in a cardiomyocyte that leads to contraction?

A

cAMP –> stimulates PK-A –> PK-A increases influx of Ca into cell & stimulates release of calcium from SR –> increased contraction

39
Q

NE released from synaptic nerve can bind to Alpha2 receptors where NE was initially released stopping the further release of NE, which process is a form of ?

A

Negative feedback

39
Q

Beta2 in the peripheral smooth muscle induces?

A

Relaxation

40
Q

In the peripheral smooth muscle, when Beta2 is bound, how does relaxation occur?

A

NE/EPI bind to Beta2 –> activates Gg –> stimulates adenyl cyclase to increase cAMP –> cAMP inhibits MLCK –> decreased contraction

41
Q

All of the muscarinic signal transductions are which type of protein?

A

GCPR

42
Q

Describe the process of signal transduction to effectors for M1, M3, & M5

A

M1, M3 & M5 –> stimulates Gq –> Phospholipase activation –> production of IP3 & DAG

43
Q

Describe the process of signal transduction to effectors for M2 & M4

A

M2 & M4 –> stimulate GI –> Inhibits adenyl cyclase

44
Q

What affects do Nicotinic receptors have?

A
  • Ganglionic & Neuronal CNS
  • Skeletal muscle –> Ion channels
45
Q

What are NANC neurons?

A

Neurons that release a multitude of different neurotransmitters (Nitric oxide); Non-adrenergic , Non-cholinergic

46
Q

What affect does ACh have on blood vessels in the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Vasodilation

47
Q

What affect does NE have on blood vessels in the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Vasoconstriction

Pharm 1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions