EXAM 2 Flashcards
The nervous system controls and coordinates?
all the functions of the body
CNS Encloses the
brain and spinal cord
PNS Encloses the
Spinal nerves
ANS Encloses the
Autonomic nervous system
what is the basic fundamental unit of the nervous system?
the neuron
what are the components of the neuron? 4
Dendrites
cell body
Axon
Axon Hillock
Dendrites are
Sensory Afferent
The cell body contains
genetic information
what is the elongated portion if the neuron that is located between the soma and synaptic cleft
Axon
what neuron connects and communicates with each other?
synapse
a gap between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another is a
synaptic cleft
a chemical messenger that helps cells communicate with each other
neurotransmitters
what are 4 neurotransmitters
serotonin
dopamine
glutamate
acetylcholine
acetylcholine is secreted by
all parasympathetic and pre-ganglionic neurons
serotonin is called the “happy’ chemical because iT contributes to
the well-bell being and happiness
____ is secreted by nearly all sympathetic postganglionic fibers
Norepinephrine
the neurotransmitter that is secreted by ALL parasympathetic preganglionic neurons is
acetylcholine
cells that support and protect the nervus system
neuroglia
what is the most common cell type in central nervous system
neuroglia
Large star shaped cells that hold nerve cells in place and help them developed and work properly
astrocytes
______ are the glial cells that form the myelin sheath on axons
schwann cells
schwann cells are the glial cells that form the myelin sheath on axons this process is called?
myelination
myelination is made of
fatty lipids and proteins
when a neuron sends information down an axon away from the cell body this process is called
action potential
The spinal cord carries nerve signals from your ____ to ___
brain to your body and vice versa
These nerve signals help you feel __ and ____
sensations and move your body
Functions of the spinal cord 4
The posterior (dorsal) horns of the spinal cord contain _____ responding to afferent sensory stimulation
neurons
ascending tracts carry sensory signals up the spinal cord
sensory afferent
descending tracts carry motor signals from the brain to the spinal cord
motor efferent
