Exam 2 Flashcards
T or F? .1-.2 w/cm2 is known to produce non thermal effects
True
If you use the wrong polarity, is it a contraindication?
No, just a poor treatment
What are corticosteroids used for?
Inflammation (ex: hydrocortisone and dexamethasone)
What are anesthetics used for?
Pain and trigger points (ex: lidocaine)
What is lidocaine used for? polarity?
Pain control, positive
What is dexamethasone used for? Polarity?
Inflammation, negative
What is zinc oxide used for? Polarity?
Skin ulcers + wounds, positive
What is acetic acid used for? Polarity?
Calcific deposits, negative
What is phonophoresis?
A mix between ultrasound and ionto
Used to drive medicine through the skin
What is short wave diathermy?
“extreme ultrasound”
How long is the stretching window after ultrasound?
3 mins
What does medication have to get through in phonophoresis in order to work?
Epidermis, skin corneum, into subcutaneous tissue
Which effect of soft tissue mobilization improves a patient’s ROM?
- Mechanical
- Reflexive
- Physiologic
- Psychological
Mechanical
How does soft tissue massage (STM) affect our nervous system?
Decreases pain perception (Gate control theory)
Which of the following are indications for STM?
- A scar from an ACL repair
- An arm with infection
- A tight quadricep muscle
- A leg with a fractured tibia
A tight quad muscle and a scar from an ACL repair
Where should the table be in relation to the clinicans body when giving a STM?
Table should be at the fingertips
T or F? It is okay to hyperextend your fingers when giving a STM
False, take care of your own body and keep the hand in neutral
What is skin rolling primarily used for?
To identify areas of restriction
T or F? Effleurage is used before petrissage
True
What is effleurage?
STM technique that consists of short or long strokes going in the direction of the heart to stimulate blood flow
What is petrissage?
STM technique consists of kneading motions to target deeper layers of tissue
What kind of STM is recommended for ligament and tendon issues?
Cross friction
What does cane suffix mean?
numbing
Which medications have a positive polarity?
Positive: Lidocaine, Zinc oxide
Plz
Which medications have a negative polarity?
Negative: Acetic Acid, Dexamethasone
What is a good way to remember the polarities of the 4 medications?
List them in alphabetical order, the first two are negative, the other two are positive
What is HLLT?
High Level Laser Therapy
- Max power output is greater than 500 MW
- Can produce perceptible heating of tissues
What is LLLT?
Low Level Laser Therapy
- Max power output is equal to or less than 500 MW
- Primary function is photobiostimulation
Differentiate between the 3 classes of lasers… Class I/II/IIIA, Class IIIb, Class IV
Class I/II/IIIA: Poses minimal danger to users
Class IIIb: Can cause injury is directly looked at
Class IV: Poses danger to eyes, skin, and fire hazards
In regard to ultrasound, .1-.2 w/cm^2 is known to produce what type of effects?
Non-thermal
T or F? When it comes to wound healing with ultrasound, a frequency of 3 MHz should be used
True
In regard to estim, what are the frequency ranges?
1-4pps (Low)
30-60pps (Medium)
80-150pps (High)
In regard to estim, what are the phase duration ranges?
<100 (Short)
100-300 (Medium)
>300 (Long)
Which estim treatments do not utilize a phase duration?
- Russian re-ed (Chattanooga)
- Pain control AC (Chattanooga)
What is a medium frequency used for when using estim?
Muscle re-ed and/or strengthening
T or F? Wound healing uses high volt
True
T or F? When using a monopolar pad setup for estim, the positive lead goes with the smaller pad on the affected area
False, the negative lead goes with the small pad over the affected area
What is the maximum amount of time a patient should do estim-assisted ankle pumps?
5 mins
A ___________ phase duration is used to achieve motor responses
Medium
Differentiate between a pulsed monophasic vs pulsed biphasic current
Monophasic:
- One directional flow marked by a period of non-current flow
- Electrons stay on one side of the baseline (+ or -)
- Uses: High Volt pulsed
Biphasic:
- Bi-directional flow of electrons marked by periods of non-current flow
- Electrons flow on both sides of the baseline (+ and -)
- Uses: Neuromuscular
What is the difference between Iontophoresis and Phonophoresis?
Ionto: Utilizes electrical stimulation to move medicine through the skin
Phono: Utilizes ultrasound to move medicine through the skin
What are the lead wires in iontophoresis called?
Active and Inactive electrodes
What is the treatment duration for Iontophoresis?
10-20 mins (check skin every 3-5 mins)
What should ionto feel like?
A light scratching sensation
What is acetic acid used for?
Breaks down stuff
What is dexamethasone used for?
Inflammation, negative
