Exam 2

Question 1

T or F? .1-.2 w/cm2 is known to produce non thermal effects

Answer 1

True

Question 2

If you use the wrong polarity, is it a contraindication?

Answer 2

No, just a poor treatment

Question 3

What are corticosteroids used for?

Answer 3

Inflammation (ex: hydrocortisone and dexamethasone)

Question 4

What are anesthetics used for?

Answer 4

Pain and trigger points (ex: lidocaine)

Question 5

What is lidocaine used for? polarity?

Answer 5

Pain control, positive

Question 6

What is dexamethasone used for? Polarity?

Answer 6

Inflammation, negative

Question 7

What is zinc oxide used for? Polarity?

Answer 7

Skin ulcers + wounds, positive

Question 8

What is acetic acid used for? Polarity?

Answer 8

Calcific deposits, negative

Question 9

What is phonophoresis?

Answer 9

A mix between ultrasound and ionto

Used to drive medicine through the skin

Question 10

What is short wave diathermy?

Answer 10

“extreme ultrasound”

Question 11

How long is the stretching window after ultrasound?

Answer 11

3 mins

Question 12

What does medication have to get through in phonophoresis in order to work?

Answer 12

Epidermis, skin corneum, into subcutaneous tissue

Question 13

Which effect of soft tissue mobilization improves a patient’s ROM?

• Mechanical
• Reflexive
• Physiologic
• Psychological

Answer 13

Mechanical

Question 14

How does soft tissue massage (STM) affect our nervous system?

Answer 14

Decreases pain perception (Gate control theory)

Question 15

Which of the following are indications for STM?

• A scar from an ACL repair
• An arm with infection
• A tight quadricep muscle
• A leg with a fractured tibia

Answer 15

A tight quad muscle and a scar from an ACL repair

Question 16

Where should the table be in relation to the clinicans body when giving a STM?

Answer 16

Table should be at the fingertips

Question 17

T or F? It is okay to hyperextend your fingers when giving a STM

Answer 17

False, take care of your own body and keep the hand in neutral

Question 18

What is skin rolling primarily used for?

Answer 18

To identify areas of restriction

Question 19

T or F? Effleurage is used before petrissage

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What is effleurage?

Answer 20

STM technique that consists of short or long strokes going in the direction of the heart to stimulate blood flow

Question 21

What is petrissage?

Answer 21

STM technique consists of kneading motions to target deeper layers of tissue

Question 22

What kind of STM is recommended for ligament and tendon issues?

Answer 22

Cross friction

Question 23

What does cane suffix mean?

Answer 23

numbing

Question 24

Which medications have a positive polarity?

Answer 24

Positive: Lidocaine, Zinc oxide

Plz

Question 25

Which medications have a negative polarity?

Answer 25

Negative: Acetic Acid, Dexamethasone

Question 26

What is a good way to remember the polarities of the 4 medications?

Answer 26

List them in alphabetical order, the first two are negative, the other two are positive

Question 27

What is HLLT?

Answer 27

High Level Laser Therapy

• Max power output is greater than 500 MW
• Can produce perceptible heating of tissues

Question 28

What is LLLT?

Answer 28

Low Level Laser Therapy

• Max power output is equal to or less than 500 MW
• Primary function is photobiostimulation

Question 29

Differentiate between the 3 classes of lasers… Class I/II/IIIA, Class IIIb, Class IV

Answer 29

Class I/II/IIIA: Poses minimal danger to users

Class IIIb: Can cause injury is directly looked at

Class IV: Poses danger to eyes, skin, and fire hazards

Question 30

In regard to ultrasound, .1-.2 w/cm^2 is known to produce what type of effects?

Answer 30

Non-thermal

Question 31

T or F? When it comes to wound healing with ultrasound, a frequency of 3 MHz should be used

Answer 31

True

Question 32

In regard to estim, what are the frequency ranges?

Answer 32

1-4pps (Low)
30-60pps (Medium)
80-150pps (High)

Question 33

In regard to estim, what are the phase duration ranges?

Answer 33

<100 (Short)
100-300 (Medium)
>300 (Long)

Question 34

Which estim treatments do not utilize a phase duration?

Answer 34

• Russian re-ed (Chattanooga)
• Pain control AC (Chattanooga)

Question 35

What is a medium frequency used for when using estim?

Answer 35

Muscle re-ed and/or strengthening

Question 36

T or F? Wound healing uses high volt

Answer 36

True

Question 37

T or F? When using a monopolar pad setup for estim, the positive lead goes with the smaller pad on the affected area

Answer 37

False, the negative lead goes with the small pad over the affected area

Question 38

What is the maximum amount of time a patient should do estim-assisted ankle pumps?

Answer 38

5 mins

Question 39

A ___________ phase duration is used to achieve motor responses

Answer 39

Medium

Question 40

Differentiate between a pulsed monophasic vs pulsed biphasic current

Answer 40

Monophasic:
- One directional flow marked by a period of non-current flow
- Electrons stay on one side of the baseline (+ or -)
- Uses: High Volt pulsed

Biphasic:
- Bi-directional flow of electrons marked by periods of non-current flow
- Electrons flow on both sides of the baseline (+ and -)
- Uses: Neuromuscular

Question 41

What is the difference between Iontophoresis and Phonophoresis?

Answer 41

Ionto: Utilizes electrical stimulation to move medicine through the skin

Phono: Utilizes ultrasound to move medicine through the skin

Question 42

What are the lead wires in iontophoresis called?

Answer 42

Active and Inactive electrodes

Question 43

What is the treatment duration for Iontophoresis?

Answer 43

10-20 mins (check skin every 3-5 mins)

Question 44

What should ionto feel like?

Answer 44

A light scratching sensation

Question 46

What is acetic acid used for?

Answer 46

Breaks down stuff

Question 47

What is dexamethasone used for?

Answer 47

Inflammation, negative