Exam 2 Flashcards
What is the primary pigment in urine?
Urochrome
The protein section of the urine reagent is most sensitive to
Albumin
In the ketones section of the reagent strip, what product of fatty acid metabolism does it NOT detect?
Beta-Hydroxybutyrate
Why would the specific gravity be significantly high using a refractometer?
Due to contaminants like radiographic dye crystals
Failure to blot the reagent strip may result in ________
runover
What is the icto test used to detect?
Bilirubin
A squamous epithelial cell covered in bacteria is _______
Clue cell
If the reagent patch is negative for blood with the microscopic showing WBCs, what should we suspect?
The patient is taking an excessive amount of ascorbic acid
What would be found in the urine of a healthy individual after strenuous exersice?
RBCs and hyaline casts
An increase in bilirubin with a normal urobilinogen may indicate
Bile duct obstruction
Specific gravity testing using sound waves is
Harmonic oscillation densitometry
The cast most indicative of end stage renal disease are
Waxy casts
Which type of proteinuria results in increased protein in blood specifically low-molecular-weight proteins and resolves once the level of plasma proteins returns to normal
Overflow (Prerenal) proteinuria
What substance is found in urine of healthy individuals in small amounts?
Urobilinogen (0.2mg/dL)
Which proteinuria results from inflammatory process in urinary tract?
Postrenal proteinuria
What cell is most commonly associated with contamination?
Squamous epithelial cells
A patient was recently in a car accident. Urinalysis:
Color : brown
Blood : positive
Microscopic : no blood present
Blood sample : contains severe hemolysis
What is actually present?
Hemoglobin
What causes yellow foam in urine?
Bilirubin
What is last read on the reagent strip?
Leukocyte esterase
What can cause a fruity smell in urine?
Ketones
A muscle injury
Myoglobinuria
Reagent strips (Chemstrip) for ketones contain ________ and __________
Acetoacetate and acetone
Which WBC produce a negative leukocyte esterase result?
Lymphocyte
What is the reaction testing for?
Indicator dye + Protein —> H+ ions released from indicator
Protein
What is the reaction testing for?
Double sequential enzyme reaction
Glucose
What is the reaction testing for?
Pseudoperoxidase activity
Blood
What is the reaction testing for?
Acetoacetate + Sodium nitroprusside (+GLY) —> Purple color
Ketones
What is the reaction testing for?
Modified Ehlrich’s reaction
Urobilinogen
What is the reaction testing for?
Protons released from polyelectrolyte —> pH decrease and color change
Specific gravity
What is the reaction testing for?
Ind^- + H+ ions —> H-Ind
pH
What is the reaction testing for?
Esterase reaction followed by azo coupling reaction
Leukocyte esterase
What can make urine yellow?
Bilirubin and urochrome
What can make urine red?
Beets
What can make urine black?
Melanin
What can make urine orange?
Urobilin
What substance is colorless?
Urobilinogen
What crystal is coffin lid shaped?
Triple phosphate
What crystal looks like hexagonal plates?
Cystine
What crystal looks like thorny apples?
Ammonium biurate
What crystal has notched corners
Cholesterol
Reagent strips should be stored at what temperature
Room temp or 19-30C
Urine specific gravity should be measured using refractometry in the presence of what
Protein and glucose
Ascorbic acid can cause a false negative in what
Blood
A patient with RBC casts will be positive in ____ and ____
Blood and protein
The presence of bacteria may indicate a positive result of
leukocyte esterase or nitrite
Ascorbic acid is also known as
Vitamin C
