Exam 2

Question 1

T or F
The periosteum of bone is avascular and non-innervated.

Answer 1

F

Question 2

T or F
The matrix of spongy bone is arranged in small tubular structural units called osteons.

Answer 2

F

Question 3

T or F
The term osteoid refers to the mineralized extracellular matrix of compact bone tissue.

Answer 3

F

Question 4

T or F
Collagen is the most common fiber found in bone tissue.

Answer 4

T

Question 5

T or F
Osteoclast activity releases calcium ions from bone matrix (HINT: think about what osteoclasts do).

Answer 5

T

Question 6

T or F
The inorganic components of bone matrix responsible for the hardness and resistance to compression seen in bone tissue are mineral salts called hydroxyapatites.

Answer 6

T

Question 7

T or F
Skeletal muscle tissue does not require nervous system stimulation for contraction to occur.

Answer 7

F

Question 8

T or F
Perimysium refers to the connective tissue sheathing that covers the exterior of muscle fibers.

Answer 8

F

Question 9

T or F
Skeletal muscle fibers contain multiple nuclei.

Answer 9

T

Question 10

T or F
The release of calcium ions within a muscle cell must occur before cross-bridge formation between actin and myosin myofilaments can occur.

Answer 10

T

Question 11

T or F
Sarcomeres are present in smooth muscle cells, but they do not possess actin and myosin.

Answer 11

F

Question 12

T or F
The process of peristalsis is primarily controlled by skeletal muscle.

Answer 12

F

Question 13

T or F
The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called an endosteum.

Answer 13

F

Question 14

Definition of Canaliculi

Answer 14

Small channels that radiate through osteons

Question 15

Definition of Trabeculae

Answer 15

Basic structural units of spongy bone

Question 16

Definition of Lamellae

Answer 16

Layers of bone matrix

Question 17

Definition of Osteoclasts

Answer 17

Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix

Question 18

Definition of Osteogenic cells

Answer 18

Mitotically active stem cells found in bone membranes; give rise to other bone cells

Question 19

Definition of Osteoblasts

Answer 19

Cells that produce bone matrix

Question 20

Definition of Osteons

Answer 20

Basic structural units of long bone

Question 21

Definition of Sarcolemma

Answer 21

The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell

Question 22

Definition of Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 22

An elaborate smooth ER found in skeletal muscle cells; surrounds each myofibril

Question 23

Definition of Myofibril

Answer 23

Rod-like contractile elements that occupy most of a skeletal muscle cell’s volume

Question 24

Definition of Myofilament

Answer 24

The most common are actin and myosin

Question 25

Definition of Muscle fiber

Answer 25

A skeletal muscle cell

Question 26

Definition of Z discs

Answer 26

The sides/ends of a sarcomere; actin myofilament "ropes" are attached to them

Question 27

Description of Synarthroses

Answer 27

Immovable joints

Question 28

Description of Fibrous joints

Answer 28

A joint formed by dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 29

Description of Diarthroses

Answer 29

Freely movable joints

Question 30

Description of Amphiarthroses

Answer 30

Slightly movable joints

Question 31

Description of Cartilaginous joints

Answer 31

A joint formed by cartilage

Question 32

Description of Synovial joints

Answer 32

A joint in which the bones are separated by a fluid filled cavity

Question 33

The canal that runs through the core of an osteon contains what?

Answer 33

blood vessels and nerve fibers

Question 34

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of the skull bones in the embryo?

Answer 34

fibrous connective tissue

Question 35

Lengthwise long bone growth during infancy and youth is achieved exclusively through what?

Answer 35

interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates

Question 36

What hormone is the most important regulator of bone growth during infancy and childhood?

Answer 36

Growth Hormone

Question 37

Where does the terminal axon ("nerve ending") of a somatic motor neuron directly release its neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 37

Into the synaptic cleft

Question 38

The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in a muscle fiber is what?

Answer 38

Storage and release of calcium ions

Question 39

What process provides a muscle cell with the most energy?

Answer 39

Aerobic cellular respiration

Question 40

Which of the following processes could occur in the skeleton of a 54-year-old person?

Answer 40

Appositional growth