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AnP > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

T or F
The periosteum of bone is avascular and non-innervated.

A

F

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2
Q

T or F
The matrix of spongy bone is arranged in small tubular structural units called osteons.

A

F

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3
Q

T or F
The term osteoid refers to the mineralized extracellular matrix of compact bone tissue.

A

F

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4
Q

T or F
Collagen is the most common fiber found in bone tissue.

A

T

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5
Q

T or F
Osteoclast activity releases calcium ions from bone matrix (HINT: think about what osteoclasts do).

A

T

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6
Q

T or F
The inorganic components of bone matrix responsible for the hardness and resistance to compression seen in bone tissue are mineral salts called hydroxyapatites.

A

T

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7
Q

T or F
Skeletal muscle tissue does not require nervous system stimulation for contraction to occur.

A

F

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8
Q

T or F
Perimysium refers to the connective tissue sheathing that covers the exterior of muscle fibers.

A

F

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9
Q

T or F
Skeletal muscle fibers contain multiple nuclei.

A

T

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10
Q

T or F
The release of calcium ions within a muscle cell must occur before cross-bridge formation between actin and myosin myofilaments can occur.

A

T

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11
Q

T or F
Sarcomeres are present in smooth muscle cells, but they do not possess actin and myosin.

A

F

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12
Q

T or F
The process of peristalsis is primarily controlled by skeletal muscle.

A

F

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13
Q

T or F
The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called an endosteum.

A

F

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14
Q

Definition of Canaliculi

A

Small channels that radiate through osteons

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15
Q

Definition of Trabeculae

A

Basic structural units of spongy bone

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16
Q

Definition of Lamellae

A

Layers of bone matrix

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17
Q

Definition of Osteoclasts

A

Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix

18
Q

Definition of Osteogenic cells

A

Mitotically active stem cells found in bone membranes; give rise to other bone cells

19
Q

Definition of Osteoblasts

A

Cells that produce bone matrix

20
Q

Definition of Osteons

A

Basic structural units of long bone

21
Q

Definition of Sarcolemma

A

The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell

22
Q

Definition of Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

An elaborate smooth ER found in skeletal muscle cells; surrounds each myofibril

23
Q

Definition of Myofibril

A

Rod-like contractile elements that occupy most of a skeletal muscle cell’s volume

24
Q

Definition of Myofilament

A

The most common are actin and myosin

25
Q

Definition of Muscle fiber

A

A skeletal muscle cell

26
Q

Definition of Z discs

A

The sides/ends of a sarcomere; actin myofilament
“ropes” are attached to them

27
Q

Description of Synarthroses

A

Immovable joints

28
Q

Description of Fibrous joints

A

A joint formed by dense fibrous connective tissue

29
Q

Description of Diarthroses

A

Freely movable joints

30
Q

Description of Amphiarthroses

A

Slightly movable joints

31
Q

Description of Cartilaginous joints

A

A joint formed by cartilage

32
Q

Description of Synovial joints

A

A joint in which the bones are separated by a fluid filled cavity

33
Q

The canal that runs through the core of an osteon contains what?

A

blood vessels and nerve fibers

34
Q

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of the skull bones in the embryo?

A

fibrous connective tissue

35
Q

Lengthwise long bone growth during infancy and youth is achieved exclusively through what?

A

interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates

36
Q

What hormone is the most important regulator of bone growth during infancy and childhood?

A

Growth Hormone

37
Q

Where does the terminal axon (“nerve ending”) of a somatic motor neuron directly release its neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction?

A

Into the synaptic cleft

38
Q

The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in a muscle fiber is what?

A

Storage and release of calcium ions

39
Q

What process provides a muscle cell with the most energy?

A

Aerobic cellular respiration

40
Q

Which of the following processes could occur in the skeleton of a 54-year-old person?

A

Appositional growth

41
Q
A

AnP (3 decks)

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