exam #2 Flashcards
ellipse
symmetrical foreshortened view of a circle
major axis
x axis of ellipse
minor axis
y axis of ellipse
horizontal ellipses’ proportions are determined by
viewer’s eye level/perspective
ellipses become more visible as
it moves further from the eye level
matrix
a formative pattern
spatial conventions
overlapping, relative position, diagonals, chiaroscuro, atmospheric perspective
picture plane
a window through which viewers can experience a convincing illusion of deep space
overlapping
shapes that partially obscure other shapes are seen as being closer in space
relative position
shapes on a ground plane that are positioned lower in the picture are seen as closer than those higher up
diagonals
forms positioned diagonally across the picture appear to recede in depth while vertical/horizontal forms do not
chiaroscuro
gradual blending of light and shade to create a 3D illusion
atmospheric perspective
closer volumes are generally described with stronger value contrasts/sharper detail while more distant forms have progressively less contrast/softer detail
filippo brunelleschi
a Florentine architect and innovator of a mathematical system that allows artists to draw a heightened 3D illusion of form/space called linear perspective
linear perspective incorporates
diminution, foreshortening, convergence
diminution
objects of equal size appear smaller as their distance from viewer increases
foreshortening
edges and planes appear longest when they’re parallel to the picture plane.
convergence
edges and planes that are parallel to each other in physical reality appear to come together toward a common point as they recede in depth
station point (SP)
the fixed position of the one eye of the observer, the position form which the subject is seen
eye level (EL)
a horizontal plane through the station point, aka horizon line
picture plane (PP)
an imaginary transparent plane that sits between the observer and subject, which is always perpendicular to the central visual ray
central visual ray (CVR)
the fixed direction of viewing, expressed as a single imaginary line from the station point which is always perpendicular to the picture plane
visual ray (VR)
the theoretical path of a light ray; an imaginary straight line
vanishing point (VP)
the point where receding parallel lines appear to converge
angle of vision (< of V)
the limitation of how much the field of vision is included in the drawing(both height and width)
one point perspective (parallel perspective)
when drawing rectangular solids that have facing planes parallel to the picture plane
which vanishing point diagram would be best to draw a room interior seen from birds eye view?
the highest line
which vanishing point diagram would be best to draw a room interior from the center of the room?
the center line
which vanishing point diagram would be best for drawing a room interior from a bug’s eye view?
the lowest line
which vanishing point diagram would be best suited to draw a room interior seen from a place that’s closer to a wall on the right?
a line 3/4s down with vanishing point to the right
perspective grid
a matrix made up of lines on paper that converge to vanishing points
perspective midpoint
can be found with diagonals in a foreshortened square/rectangle
two point perspective (angular perspective)
used when drawing rectangular solids/interior spaces viewed diagonally (or turned at an angle not parallel to the picture plane)
three point perspective (oblique perspective)
used when vertical edges recede from the picture plane toward a third vanishing point located above eye level (zenith) or below eye level (nadir)
zenith
a vanishing point above eye level used in 3pt perspective
nadir
a vanishing point located below eye level used in 3pt perspective
