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SOCI 101 > EXAM 2 > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Gender

A

Social construct

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1
Q

Sex

A

Biological

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2
Q

Gender socialization

A

social process that creates and sustains perceptions of gender

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3
Q

Zimmerman - Gender

A

Gender is interactional and involves social accountability

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4
Q

Kane - Gender

A

Parents feel that they are held accountable for socializing their children into traditional gender roles - Parents’ role in gender socialization through colors, toys, and clothes

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5
Q

Socioeconomic changes for women - gendered hierarchy

A

Different social conditions, treatment, and access to opportunities that lead to this gendered hierarchy

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6
Q

Socioeconomic changes for women - Feminist Movement

A

advocating for equality between men and women in rights and opportunities

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7
Q

Continued disparities women

A

Occupational sex segregation, discrimination in the labor force, intersectionality

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8
Q

Role of society in sexuality

A

historical and social context of sexual orientation and sexuality & what are the sanctions for going against societal norms

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9
Q

Hookup

A

sexual activity that occurs between two individuals who are not in a relationship

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10
Q

Hookup Culture

A

sex is decoupled from relationships - rise of hookup culture

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11
Q

LGBTQ Hookup Culture

A

Hookups are pre-planned (apps) and cannot be initiated in straight spaces. LGBTQ are attempting to challenge straight hookup culture; however, they are impacted by the process of gender socialization, so they sometimes do replicate gendered dynamics in hookup culture

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12
Q

Race

A

a system of classifying people who are believed to share common descent based on perceived physical similarities. Imposed and referring to a larger group of people

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13
Q

Ethnicity

A

a system of classifying people who are believed to share common descent based on perceived cultural similarities. Chosen and referring to a smaller group of people and is subjective.

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14
Q

Race - Social construction

A

race is socially constructed and varies across time and place. Time and place used by sociologies to show that race is not biological in nature.

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15
Q

Race defintion

A

There are demographic, economic, and political factors that contribute to the classifications and definitions of race

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16
Q

Racism

A

Includes two phenomena - prejudice and discrimination and is systemic in nature

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17
Q

Components of racism

A

Prejudice, stereotypes and discrimination

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18
Q

Prejudice

A

A negative belief or attitude about an individual or group based on subjective, selective, or inaccurate information

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19
Q

Stereotypes

A

assuming members of a group share similar characteristics, made through overgeneralizations that can be positive or negative

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20
Q

Discrimination

A

actions taken against an individual or group because of their racial background. Individual, Institutional and systemic discrimination

21
Q

Racial disparities in socioeconomic status

A

Residential segregation, education, income/wealth, criminal justice systems, political participation, heath

22
Q

Racial disparities - Residential segregation

A

Redlining and Jim Crow laws: demarcating neighborhoods based on race. Resulting in: black communities being disproportionately subject to health issues (envormental racism), issues retaining to safety, and an increase in criminal activities due to increased surveillance of black communities

23
Q

Racial disparities - Education

A

Students of color have less access to adequately prepared schooling and quality education because public education has different funding (based on property tax). RESULTING IN:
Life-long disparities and inequalities span from education, economic and occupational mobility

24
Q

Racial disparities - Income and wealth

A

Large racial wealth gap in the US

25
Q

Racial disparities - Criminal justice system

A

Race affects how likely you are to be pulled over by police, how likely you are to be released or detained pretrial, how likely the state is to seek the death penalty, and how severely you are sentenced.

26
Q

Racial disparities - Politcal participation

A

Criminal status affects political participation, Accessibility to voting polls, gerrymandering hurting minority vote

27
Q

Racial disparities - Health

A

Lack of access to health insurance and coverage
RESULTING IN:
Higher rates of infant mortality, homicide, HIV

28
Q

Inequality

A

An unequal distribution of valued goods and opportunities

29
Q

Measures of Inequality

A

Income and wealth

30
Q

Income

A

Jobs and Salary

31
Q

Wealth

A

assets (home and investments) - debt

32
Q

How is social class measured

A

Socioeconomic status - A broad definition of a person’s social class based on components such as education, income, and occupation

33
Q

Factors of Inequality

A

Technology/college premium, economic restructuring/organization of work, role of globalization and government policies

34
Q

Inequality - Technology/College premium

A

College wage premium b/c occupations have become increasingly dependent on technology, requiring individuals to have college degrees and training in technological fields

35
Q

Inequality - Economic restructuring

A

The US economy switching from an industrial (labor) sector to a service sector economy. Now: there is a shrinking middle class and an increasing lower and upper class. Thus, restructuring of the economy means greater instability for lower class workers, loss of benefits and health risks

36
Q

Inequality - Role of globalization

A

Industries want to minimize costs and maximize profits so they outsource to countries that are less developed - labor is outsourced, working-class lose jobs

37
Q

Inequality - Government polices

A

Government policies influence/regulate the economy. Inequitable taxation, poor minimum wage, decreasing union membership

38
Q

Inequality timeline

A

Early 20th century - highest trends in inequality
After the great depression - the lowest inequality
The 1970s - switch to the service sector economy, resulting in an upward trend of inequality
Now - The lower class cannot escape income inequality/mobility

39
Q

Social mobility

A

the movement of individuals from one social position to another.

40
Q

Factors that influence mobility

A

Family, education, labor/job market, government policies

41
Q

Mobility in the U.S. versus other countries

A

US: mobility is determined by your parent’s socioeconomic status
NOT US: Mobility is based on the individual because government policies help all have access to occupational opportunities and use a progressive tax system

42
Q

Poverty

A

Measured through absolute and relative poverty

43
Q

Absolute Poverty

A

Living below the minimum requirements needed for people to have basic standards of food, clothing, health, and shelter in the society they are living in.

44
Q

Relative Poverty

A

comparing incomes relative to other people in society, who is below the 50% average income

45
Q

Reframing views of poverty

A

Need to view poverty through the lens of the sociological imagination. Three steps needed

46
Q

Reframing poverty - step 1

A

A recognition that poverty affects us all, no matter your economic status
- taxation
- the life course risk of poverty

47
Q

Reframing poverty: Step 2

A

American poverty is largely the result of failings at the economic and political levels - Poverty is a structural failing

48
Q

Shift in moral perspective

A

a moral perspective that is currently rooted in individual blame needs to move towards collective social change rooted in moral outrage for the failings of the system

49
Q

Sociodemographic factors in poverty

A

Women and children are more likely to live below the poverty line. The US has the highest levels of poverty in comparison to other developed countries

50
Q

Obstacles faced by the poor

A

Food insecurity & homelessness

SOCI 101 (1 decks)

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