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Intersectionalities of Crime > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is race?

A

A collection of physical traits deemed by society to be socially significant

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2
Q

What is ethnicity?

A

Characteristics of groups associated with national origins, languages, and cultural and religious practicies

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3
Q

What are stereotypes?

A

Perceived notions about the behavior, attitude, looks, feelings and motives of a group or people

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4
Q

What is prejudice?

A

Negative or hostile attitude toward another group (arises out of stereotypes)

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5
Q

What is discrimination?

A

Unequal treatment because of their social group

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6
Q

What is sex?

A

Refers to biological differences

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7
Q

What is gender?

A

Expectations and roles that males and females are expected to fill

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8
Q

What is gender identity?

A

Whether a person identifies as man, woman, neither

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9
Q

What is cisgender?

A

One’s gender identity corresponds to biological category and heterosexual

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10
Q

What is a minority group?

A

A category of people with relative disadvantage in society

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11
Q

What is a patriarchy?

A

Society organized around male privilege and heirarchy

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12
Q

What is sexualism?

A

The beliefs and social relations holding men are superior to women

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13
Q

What is paternalism?

A

The view that women need protection and are not fully responsible for their actions

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14
Q

What is chivalry?

A

The reluctance to inflict harm on a woman accompanied by unwillingness to believe that women could possess criminal intent

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15
Q

What is mysogyny?

A

Organized, institutionalized, normalized, hostility and violence toward women

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16
Q

What is misandry?

A

Hatred of men

17
Q

What are gender norms?

A

The rules and guidelines associated with the performance of gender

18
Q

What are gender sterotypes?

A

Preconceived, generalized views about how members of a certain gender do or should behave

19
Q

What are mandatory arrest policies?

A

Increased arrests for men and women

20
Q

What things resulted from mandatory arrest policies?

A

Arrests of black women increased 3x that of white women
Women are 43% of all DV arrests

21
Q

What are primary aggressor laws?

A

Police determine who the primary aggressor is and make an arrest

22
Q

What things resulted from primary aggressor laws?

A

Police became reluctant to make any arrest
Failed to increase dual arrests
Did not decrease disparities across race and sexual orientation

23
Q

What is adultification?

A

Black boys and girls are often perceived as being older than their years (school-to-prison pipeline)

24
Q

What is the common law rule?

A

No divorce unless
- adultery
- abandonment
- imprisonment
- cruelty and abuse

25
Q

What is no fault divorce?

A

Irreconcilable differences
- no need to prove fault

26
Q

What was the Obergefell v. Hodges decision?

A

Due process clause –> protects right to marry
Equal protection clause –> gender

27
Q

What did Obergefell v. Hodges tell us?

A

Courts will use heightened scrutiny to evaluate issues of discriminations based on sexual orientation

28
Q

What was the Bostock v. Clayton County decision?

A

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects employees against discrimination because of sexuality or gender identity

29
Q

What is victim blaming?

A

When the responsibility of the crime is shifted from the offender to the victim

30
Q

What is the just world hypothesis?

A

People in society get what they deserve

31
Q

What is victimology?

A

The study of victimization

32
Q

What is Rarity Theory?

A

Victims who are “ideal” (female, children, elderly), stories that are unusual, or stories tat involve more than one victim are considered newsworthy

33
Q

What is Devaluation Theory?

A

Portrayals of victims of crime as white in the media feeds into predicting perceptions of the exaggerated fear of victimization for whites

34
Q

What is Victim Precipitation Theory?

A

Some people may initiate the confrontation that eventually leads to their injury or death

Intersectionalities of Crime (3 decks)

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