exam 2

Question 1

Systematic Review

Answer 1

: Collect all possible studies related to a given topic and research design, and review and analyze their results.

Question 2

Meta-Analysis

Answer 2

Objective and scientific method of statistically analyzing and combining results from a systematic review

Question 3

Randomized Controlled Trial

Answer 3

Gold standard of biomedical research

Question 4

Cohort Study

Answer 4

-Observational study (no intervention/treatment)
-Research participants are examined over a period of time.
-Examine whether individuals exposed to a risk factor are more likely to develop a disease than those not exposed to a risk factor.
-Prospective in nature (i.e., forward-looking)
Example: Are construction workers at greater risk for concussion than the general population?

Question 5

Case control study

Answer 5

-Observational study (no intervention/treatment)
-Research participants are examined at one point in time.
-Examine whether individuals exposed to a risk factor are more likely to develop a disease than those not exposed to a risk factor.
Retrospective in nature (i.e., backward-looking)
Example: Are people with a history of concussion more likely to be construction workers than members of the general population?

Question 6

Case Report

Answer 6

: Detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, response to treatment, and follow-up after treatment of a single patient.

Question 7

Case series

Answer 7

Group of case reports involving patients given similar treatment.

Question 8

grade

Answer 8

Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) rates research evidence as:

Question 9

information system

Answer 9

combination of hardware and software that can process data into information to solve a problem.
People are essential for successful operation

Question 10

Healthcare information system (HIS):

Answer 10

information system used in a healthcare enterprise

Question 11

Clinical information systems CISs

Answer 11

Focus on management of clinical (patient) data and information

Question 12

administrative Information systems AISs

Answer 12

Focus on management of administrative, financial, and demographic data and information to support overall functions of an organization

Question 13

computerized Provider order entry

Answer 13

Process of providers using computers to enter and send treatment instructions, such as medication, laboratory, and radiology orders

Question 14

Laboratory-information systems

Answer 14

Receive requests, schedule tests, and track specimen collection and analysis

Question 15

Radiology-information systems

Answer 15

Receive requests, schedule imaging, provide patient-focused information, manage image storage, and store and report radiologists’ interpretations

Question 16

Picture archiving and communication system (PACS):

Answer 16

Store, retrieve, present, and share digital imaging from x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography, and ultrasound

Question 17

Physiological monitoring systems (PMS

Answer 17

Store real-time data about various physiological functions to monitor and track changes
Either in clinic or at home/work
Include wearables and implants

Question 18

Operating room information systems (ORISs)

Answer 18

Surgical scheduling
Patient tracking
Anesthesia documentation
Integration of medical devices
Real-time displays of ongoing OR activity

Question 19

Results-reporting applications

Answer 19

Share laboratory values, diagnostic test results, and physiological values from:
LIS to provider
RIS to provider
PMS to provider
Between providers

Question 20

Electronic documentation

Answer 20

Provided primarily through the electronic health record (EHR

Question 21

Critical care information systems (CCISs)

Answer 21

These incorporate or integrate most of the prior applications within critical care units (intensive care units).
Interface with bedside devices
Facilitate calculation of clinical indices
Help organize and manage the large volume of data assessments of these patients

Question 22

Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs)

Answer 22

Support healthcare practitioners in making evidence-based patient-care decisions

Question 23

Clinical information systems (CISs):

Answer 23

Focus on management of clinical (patient) data and information

Question 24

Administrative information systems (AISs):

Answer 24

Focus on management of administrative, financial, and demographic data and information to support overall functions of an organization

Question 25

Payroll and human resource systems:

Answer 25

track employee time and attendance, credentials, performance evaluations, and payroll-compensation information.

Question 25

Financial systems

Answer 25

provide accounting functions ,
Critical for the organization to receive reimbursement for services from insurance companies

Question 26

Contract-management systems:

Answer 26

manage contracts with third-party payers, vendors, and suppliers.

Question 26

Materials-management systems

Answer 26

facilitate inventory control and charging of supplies

Question 27

Risk management systems:

Answer 27

track and plan prevention of unusual occurrences or incidents.

Question 28

Quality assurance systems

Answer 28

monitor outcomes and produce reports that are used to guide quality improvement

Question 29

Registration and scheduling systems

Answer 29

-support patient registration, scheduling, coding, and billing
-Provide better protection of patient privacy than paper records

Question 30

how many years between research and implementation in practice or policy

Answer 30

17

Question 31

how long does it take to move a new drug or medical device from conception to market

Answer 31

14 years