Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SLP 571: Voice Disorders and Laryngectomy > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

An example of phonotraumatic behavior considered under “vocal abuse”

A

frequent yelling, prolonged whispering, frequent coughing and throat clearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Two examples of phonotraumatic behavior considered under “vocal misuse”

A

teaching beyond vocal sustainability (eg: an instructor teaching continuous classes for 6 hours without vocal breaks and hydration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is an inappropriate vocal componenet

A

consistent clavicular breathing, prolonged use of glottal fry or falsetto
frequent voice onset and phonation using either hyperadduction (pressed voice) or hypoadduction (breathy voice)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the following is seen when CT muscle is at high contraction

A

falsetto or loft register

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T or F: pharyngeal cul-de-sac resonance is also called hot potato voice or “potato in the mouth” speech. The voice quality is perceived as muffled or trapped due to obstruction in vocal tract secondary to swollen throat changes in resonators (eg: palatal tonsilitis)

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T or F: Speaking in fast rate should NOT impact the breath support and laryngeal tension

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

an example of medically-related etiology of a voice disorder

A

direct surgery such as laryngectomy
indirect surgery such as thyroidectomy or cardiovascular surgery
intubation/extubation or COVID-19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

An example of primary disorder etiology of a voice disorder

A

Pierre Robin Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

____________________ is the umbrella term for medically unexplainable voice disorder

A

muscle tension dysphonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T or F: Limbic system is activated secondary to fear or anxiety and sends excessive motor impulses to the laryngeal muscles. This may lead to laryngeal function dysregulation or inhibition of phonation

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

An example of functional dysphonia:

A

change or loss of voice after a prolonged stress or sudden shock or resistance to puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

healthy color of true vocal fold is:

A

moist and pearly white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

factor(s) that impact the prevalence of voice disorders in USA:

A

age, gender, occupation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

match the following using the most common laryngeal pathologies seen in children and adults

A

young adults - vocal nodules
middle-aged adults - laryngeal cancer
older adults - vocal fold paralysis
children - laryngitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

match the following using the information from 2012 National Health Survey

A

reported voice problem - 17.9 million adults
seeked professional help for a voice problem - 10%
reported presence of GERD - 8%
risk of voice problem in someone with psychological distress - two-fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which of the ethnic groups is less likely to report a voice problem secondary to disparities related to social determinants of health

A

african-american

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens to vocal fold tissue and voice outcomes secondary to a structural pathology such as vocal fold nodules or polyps?

A

mass of the tissue increases, tension in the vibrating tissue increases, flexibility of the vocal fold tissue decreases, typically pitch increases due to excess muscle tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

an example of “productive” compensatory adjustment is:

A

vocal tract tuning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

An example of “maladaptive” compensatory adjustment is:

A

constant increase in vocal effort or muscle tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the following lesion can metabolize into a different location from the primary site through blood stream or lymphatic system

A

malignant tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Risk factor(s) of laryngeal carcinoma:

A

excessive alcohol consumption, chronic smoking, untreated chronic and reflux (GERD or LPR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

___________________ is the confirmatory test of malignant tumor

A

biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

According to newer labels, how do you report vocal fold nodules?

A

bilateral fibrous/gelatinous masses in between anterior 1/3rds and posterior 2/3rds of vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

two vocal fold lesions which only invade epithelium and superficial layer of lamina propria

A

vocal fold nodules & vocal fold polyps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The first line of treatment is voice therapy in the following vocal fold lesion:

A

acute vocal fold nodules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the glottic configuration in vocal fold nodules

A

hour-glass pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

T or F: A structural lesion or functional etiology causes incomplete glottic closure which leads to excessive loss of glottal airflow. This is non-productive as the glottal air leaking through the anterior or posterior glottal gap canNOT be used for phonatory purposes. Therefore it leads to breathiness or hoarseness in vocal quality.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

presence of hemorrhagic vessel feeding the lesion is seen in:

A

vocal polyps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The following vocal fold lesion is so invasive that it may extend upto deep layer of lamina propria and significantly disrupts the viscoelastic properties of vocal fold tissue

A

vocal cysts

30
Q

this is a vocal fold lesion which may cause severe fluid retention and inflammation in the space between epethelium and superficial layer of lamina propria

A

reinke’s edema

31
Q

The following vocal lesion might occur secondary card to rupture of vocal cysts or presbylaryngis

A

sulcus vocalis

32
Q

Match the following using the appropriate treatment option

A

acute vocal fold nodules - voice therapy
vocal cysts - surgical excision
reinke’s edema - smoking cessation program
sulcus vocalis - vocal fold augmentation

33
Q

a contact ulcer is commonly seen opposite to which vocal lesion?

A

vocal fold granuloma

34
Q

______________________ is the common vocal lesion secondary to prolonged intubation or extubation

A

vocal fold granuloma

35
Q

treatment option for recurrent respiratory papillomatis

A

antiviral medication such as interferon, angiogenesis inhibitor such as Avistan, surgical escision

36
Q

stridence during breathing, wheezing, and feeding problems are commonly seen in:

A

laryngomalacia

37
Q

first step of treatment is voice rest in

A

vocal hemorrhage

38
Q

Best medicine to take for pain for a singer or vocal performer

A

Tylenol (acetaminophen)

39
Q

T or F: excessive vocal demands or inappropriate vocal behaviors increase the laryngeal tension which further causes structural changes in vocal fold mucosa

A

true

40
Q

the following configuration is seen during phonation in a person with presbylarnx or bilateral sulcus vocalis

A

spindle-shaped glottis

41
Q

The following two treatment options work best for functional cause of puberphonia

A

laryngeal repositioning and circumlaryngeal massage, negative practice

42
Q

inflammatory condition of voice disorder

A

rheumatoid arthritis, LPR, irritable larynx or allergies

43
Q

Two hormones which significantly impact the voice parameters

A

growth hormonts & sex hormones

44
Q

a voice disorder can be seen in someone with:

A

hypo or hyperpituatarism, hypo or hyperthyroidism, premenstural syndrome / menstrual cycles / pregnancy / menopause

45
Q

Right epiglottic petiole deviation is seen in patients with:

A

Right external branch of superior laryngeal nerve

46
Q

match the following term to it’s definition

A

superior laryngeal nerve paralysis - epiglottic petiole deviation on the side of paresis/paralysis
bilateral adductor VF paralysis - inability to close the glottis
bilateral abductor VF paralysis - inability to open the glottis
spasmodic dysphonia - vocal dystonia / spasms in laryngeal muscles

47
Q

Least improvement with voice therapy in unilateral VF paralysis when paralyzed VF is at ________________ position:

A

cadaveric

48
Q

Best treatment when paralyzed VF is a cadaveric or partially abducted position:

A

VF repositioning

49
Q

Spasms in laryngeal muscles that keep the vocal folds open is seen in ______________ and therefore voiceless to voiced transition is challenging

When the person says “funny”, it goes “f….unny” as the spasms keep the vocal folds open for a slightly longer time.

A

abductor spasmodic dysphonia

50
Q

Spasms in laryngeal muscles that keep the vocal folds closed is seen in ______________ . Therefore voiced sounds are challenging and voiceless has no effort/disruption.

When the person says voiced sentences like “We eat eggs every easter”, it sounds effortful and strain-strangled.

A

adductor spasmodic dysphonia

51
Q

Vocal folds close instead of opening during inhalation. This may lead to inspiratory stridor and a feeling of shortness of breath in_________________

A

paradoxical vocal fold motion

52
Q

match the following term to its defnition

A

paradoxical vocal fold motion - reduced flow-volume loop
ventricular phonation - false vocal folds vibrate during phonation
rheumatoid arthritis - fixation of cricoarytenoid joint
abductor spasmodic dysphonia - involuntary breathy bursts / spasms

53
Q

skeletal/striated muscles

A

attached to bones and responsible for skeletal movements; posture; generation of heat (PNS + CNS)

54
Q

smooth/non-striated muscles

A

found in internal organ; control of ANS

55
Q

cardiac muscle

A

found in the walls of heart; control of ANS; contraction is involuntary

56
Q

bioenergetics

A

production of energy sources required for muscle contraction and relaxation

57
Q

ATP

A
  • immediate energy system (creatine phosphate or phosphocreatine; aerobic)
  • glycolysis (anaerobic)
  • oxidative phosphorylation (aerobic)
58
Q

type 1

A
  • slow twitch, high fatigue resistance, oxidative, phopshyorylaiton
59
Q

type 2-a

A

intermediate, moderate fatigue resistance, IES + glycolysis, (+) oxidative glycotic fibers

60
Q

type 2-x

A

fast twitch, quick fatigue, immediate energy system (IES)

61
Q

which type of muscle type is adaptable with training and can improve their fatigue resistance by increasing their oxidative capacity

A

type 2-a

62
Q

True or False: all 3 muscle fiber types adapt to imitate other muscle fibers based on training and load

A

true

63
Q

___________________________________brings neuromusculoskeletal adaptations

A

motor learning/muscle training

64
Q

laryngeal muscles

A

TA (tensor), IA (adductor), and LCA (adductor)
PCA (abductor) and CT (tensor; respiratory and phonatory function)

65
Q

TA (tensor), IA (adductor), and LCA (adductor)

A
  • 80% type 2 and type 1
  • rapid valving and closure for airway protection; prevent aspiration and phonatory function
  • IA: quick fatigue
66
Q

PCA (abductor) and CT (tensor; respiratory and phonatory function)

A
  • about 65% type 1
  • PCA: repetitive opening of airways for respiration
  • no type 2-x fibers
67
Q

overload

A

frequency, intensity, duration

68
Q

example of overload

A

singing falsetto for 10 minutes vs 30 minutes

69
Q

target

A

strength, endurance, longevity, and function

70
Q

isometric

A

muscle contraction where length of the muscle does not change (sustained phonation, holding breath)

71
Q

isotonic

A

muscle contraction where length of the muscle changes [ascending glide (eccentric) and descending glide (concentric)]

72
Q
A

SLP 571: Voice Disorders and Laryngectomy (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions