exam 2 Flashcards
Pleistocene
relating to or denoting the first epoch of the Quaternary period, between the Pliocene and Holocene epochs.
Microwear
a technique that examines microscopic traces on artifacts related to uses and activities
basecamp site
a main encampment providing supplies, shelter, and communications for persons engaged in wide-ranging activities
Chipped-stone
A type of tool technology that involves creating sharp flakes from a stone
Radiocarbon Dating
a scientific method that can accurately determine the age of organic materials as old as approximately 60,000 years
AMS Dating
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) Dating. Involves accelerating the ions to extraordinarily high kinetic energies followed by mass analysis
R Selected Species
R-selected species are those that produce a large number of offspring and contribute few resources to each individual offspring
K Selected Species
K-selected species are characterized by long gestation periods lasting several months, slow maturation (and thus extended parental care), and long life spans
Debitage
tiny flakes and stone shatter; scraps from stone tool making
Venus Figurines
A sculpture of a big busty woman
Subsistence Risk
based on ground (clay usually) that shrinks and expands and lack of suitable foundations
Complex Tools
Hand axes, cleavers, and other bifacial tools
Compound Tools
an inverted tool where blanking and piercing takes place in a single stage and also the blanking punch will act as the piercing die.
Geometric Kebaran
A stone tool technology
PPNB
Pre-Pottery Neolithic B
Emulation
effort to match or surpass a person or achievement, typically by imitation.
Microlith
a small stone tool usually made of flint or chert and typically a centimetre or so in length and half a centimetre wide
Younger Dryas
The Younger Dryas was the last stage of the Pleistocene epoch that spanned from 2,580,000 to 11,700 years BP and it preceded the current, warmer Holocene epoch.
Egalitarian Societies
In an egalitarian society, all are considered equal, regardless of gender, race, religion, or age.
Holocene
relating to or denoting the present epoch, which is the second epoch in the Quaternary period and followed the Pleistocene.
Biface
any stone tool worked on both sides.
Logistic Site
The sequencing and movement, including procurement, inventory management
Groundstone
a category of stone tool formed by the grinding of a coarse-grained tool stone, either purposely or incidentally.
Broad Spectrum Foraging
followed the most recent ice age around 15,000 BP in the Middle East and 12,000 BP in Europe.
focusing on a few main food sources to gathering/hunting a “broad spectrum” of plants and animals.
Parietal Art
art in caves
Connubia
of or relating to marriage or to the relationship between people who are married.
Epipaleolithic
a period occurring between the Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic during the Stone Age
Mesolithic
the Old World archaeological period between the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic
NDT (Neolithic Demographic Transition)
The transition from foraging to farming economies
PPNC
Pre-Pottery Neolithic C
Transhumance
the action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer.
Middle Paleolithic
the early phase of the Stone Age, lasting about 2.5 million years, when primitive stone implements were used.
Potassium Argon
method of determining the time of origin of rocks by measuring the ratio of radioactive argon to radioactive potassium in the rock
Atlatl
A spear-thrower, spear-throwing lever
Teosinte
Maize/corn
Rachis
a stem of a plant, especially a grass, bearing flower stalks at short intervals.
acculturation
assimilation to a different culture, typically the dominant one.
Natufian Culture
Mesolithic culture of Palestine and southern Syria dating from about 9000 bc.
Man of Sungir
Sungir is an Upper Paleolithic archaeological site in Russia and one of the earliest records of modern Homo sapiens in Eurasia.
Palimpsest
a seemingly random, dense and confusing accumulation of living debris scattered over a surface or buried floor over time.
glume
a type of wheat
Lewis Binford
(November 21, 1931 – April 11, 2011) was an American archaeologist known for his influential work in archaeological theory, ethnoarchaeology and the Paleolithic period.
Robert Whallon
Professor at the Department of Anthropology and Curator of Mediterranean Prehistory at the Museum of Anthropological Archaeology.
Lascaux
The Lascaux cave is of great importance for the history of prehistoric art.
Iranian Zagros
a long mountain range in Iran, northern Iraq, and southeastern Turkey.
Ain Mallaha
an Epipalaeolithic settlement belonging to the Natufian culture
Martin Wobst
American anthropologist who was at University of Massachusetts and an Elected Fellow of American Association for the Advancement of Sciene (AAAS) and Royal Anthropological Institute and Society for American Anthropology (RAISAA)
Mike Jochim
Professor of Anthropology
Ohalo ii
an archaeological site in Northern Israel, near Kinneret, on the southwest shore of the Sea of Galilee. It is one of the best preserved hunter-gatherer archaeological sites of the Last Glacial Maximum, radiocarbon dated to around 23,000 BP
Aín Ghazal
ʿAin Ghazal is a Neolithic archaeological site located in metropolitan Amman, Jordan, about 2 km (1.24 mi) north-west of Amman Civil Airport.
Kent Flannery
a North American archaeologist who has conducted and published extensive research on the pre-Columbian cultures
The Levant
The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of West Asia
Beringia
Location of bering land bridge
