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ISM-3003 Exam 1 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

MIS Infrastructure

A

Includes the
plans for how a firm will build, deploy,
use, and share its data, processes,
and MIS assets

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2
Q

What are the different types of MIS Infrastructure

A
  • hardware
  • software
  • network
  • client
  • server
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3
Q

Information MIS Infra

A

Supports Operations
- backup, disaster recovery plan

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4
Q

Backup

A

an exact cope of a system’s information

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5
Q

Recovery

A

the ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure

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6
Q

Types of recovery

A
  • fault tolerance
  • failover
  • failback
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7
Q

Agile MIS Infra

A

supports change
- accessibility, availability

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8
Q

Sustainable MIS Infra

A

supports the environment
- cloud computing, visualization

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9
Q

disaster recovery plan

A

a detailed process for recovering information or an IT system in the event of a catastrophic disaster such as a fire or flood

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10
Q

disaster recovery cost curve

A

1) Chart the cost to the organization of the unavailability of information and technology
2) the cost to the organization of recovering from a disaster over time

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11
Q

the disaster recover plan in terms of cost and time occurs when…

A
  • the cost to your organization of the unavailability of information and technology crosses the cost to your organization to recover from a disaster
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12
Q

hot site

A

a separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business

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13
Q

cold site

A

a separate facility that does not have any computer equipment but is a place where employees can move after a disaster

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14
Q

warm site

A

a separate facility with computer equipment that requires installation and configuration

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15
Q

Business continuity planning (BCP)

A

a plan for how an organization will recover and restore partially or completely interrupted critical functions within a predetermined time after a disaster or extended disruption

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16
Q

emergency

A

a sudden unexpected event requiring immediate action

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17
Q

emergency prepardness

A

ensures a company is ready to respond to an emergency in an organized, timely and effective manner

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18
Q

4 parts of Business continuity plan

A
  • disaster recovery plan
  • technology recovery strategies
  • business impact analysis
  • emergency notification services
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19
Q

Technology Recovery Strategies

A
  • Hardware
  • Software
  • Networking
  • Data Center
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20
Q

Technology Recovery Strategies: HARDWARE

A

applications such as email, payroll and instant messaging

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21
Q

Technology Recovery Strategies SOFTWARE

A

servers, computers, wireless devices

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22
Q

Technology Recovery Strategies: NETWORKING

A

wireless, LAN, fiber, cable

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23
Q

Technology Recovery Strategies: DATA CENTER

A

climate control, power supply, security

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24
Q

business impact analysis

A

identifies all critical business functions and the effect that a specific disaster may have upon them

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25
Q

technology failure

A

occurs when the ability of a company to operate is impaired because of a hardware, software or data outage

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26
Q

incident

A

unplanned interruption of a service

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27
Q

incident management

A

the process responsible for managing how incidents are identified and corrected

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28
Q

Characteristics of an agile MIS infrastructure

A
  • Accessibility.
  • Availability.
  • Maintainability.
  • Portability.
  • Reliability.
  • Scalability.
  • Usability.
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29
Q

accessibility

A

refers to the varying levels that define what a user can access, view or perform when operating a system

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30
Q

web accessibility

A

allows people with disabilities to use the Web

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31
Q

administrator access

A

unrestricted access to the entire system

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32
Q

availability

A

time frames when the system is operational

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33
Q

unavailable

A

time frame when a system is not operating and cannot be used

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34
Q

high availability

A

system is continuously operational at all times

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35
Q

maintainability

A

how quickly a system can transform to support environmental changes

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36
Q

what must organizations do when designing and building systems today?

A

watch today’s business as well as tomorrows

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37
Q

What should systems be to meet all types of business changes

A

flexible

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38
Q

portability

A

the ability of an application to operate on different devices or software platforms
- applications want to operate on as many devices as possible

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39
Q

reliability

A

ensures a system is functioning correctly and providing accurate information

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40
Q

Reliability is another term for…

A

accuracy when discussing the correctness of systems within the context of efficiency IT metrics

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41
Q

Vulnerability

A

a system weakness that can be exploited by a threat

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42
Q

scalability

A

how well a system can scale up, or adapt to the increased demands of growth

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43
Q

performance

A

measures how quickly a system performs a process or transaction

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44
Q

capacity planning

A

determine future environmental infrastructure requirements to ensure high-quality system performance

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45
Q

usability

A

the degree to which a system is easy to learn and efficient and satisfying to use

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46
Q

serviceability

A

how quickly a third-party can change a system to ensure it meets their needs and the terms of any contracts including agreed levels of reliability, maintainability or availability

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47
Q

Moore’s Law

A

Refers to the
computer chip performance per
dollar doubles every 18 months.

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48
Q

Sustainable or “green” MIS

A

Describes the production,
management, use, and disposal of technology in a way that minimizes damage to the environment.

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49
Q

corporate social responsibility

A

Companies’ acknowledged
responsibility to society

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50
Q

Three Primary Side
Effects Of Businesses’
Expanded Use Of
Technology

A
  • Increased Electronic Waste
  • Increased Energy Consumption
  • Increased Carbon Emissions
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51
Q

E-waste

A

refers to discarded, obsolete or broken electronic devices

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52
Q

Sustainable MIS disposal

A

refers to the safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of their life cycle

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53
Q

Energy consumption

A

the amount
of energy consumed by business processes and systems.

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54
Q

a huge increase in technology uses causes

A

amplified energy consumption

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55
Q

The energy consumed by a computer is estimated to produce as much as
_____ percent of the amount of _____________.

A

10; carbon dioxide produced by an automobile

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56
Q

carbon emissions

A

carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide produced by business processes and systems

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57
Q

How much power can a single desktop computer and monitor consume

A

at least 100 watts of power per hour

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58
Q

Components of a Sustainable MIS Infrastructure: Supporting the Environment

A
  • grid computing
  • virtualized computing
  • cloud computing
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59
Q

grid computing

A

a collection of computers, often geographically dispersed that are coordinated to solve a common problem

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60
Q

Virtualization

A

Creates multiple
“virtual” machines on a single computing device

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61
Q

data center

A

A facility used to
house management information systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and
storage systems

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62
Q

Sustainable data centers…

A
  • Reduces carbon emissions.
  • Reduces required floor Space.
  • Chooses Geographic location.
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63
Q

multi-tenancy

A

The cloud means that a
single instance of a system serves
multiple customers

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64
Q

single-tenancy

A

Each customer or
tenant must purchase and maintain an
individual system

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65
Q

cloud fabric

A

The software that makes
possible the benefits of cloud computing,
such as multi-tenancy

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66
Q

on-demand self service

A

users can increase storage and processing power as needed

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67
Q

broad network access

A

all devices can access data and applications

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68
Q

multi-tenancy: cloud computing

A

customers share pooled computing resources

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69
Q

rapid elasticity

A

storage, network bandwidth, and computing capacity can be increased or decreased immediately, allowing for optimal scalability

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70
Q

measured service

A

clients can monitor and measure transactions and use of resources

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71
Q

private cloud

A

bank, government

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72
Q

public cloud

A

amazon, windows

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73
Q

hybrid cloud

A

private cloud of the company and a public cloud for customers, suppliers and partners

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74
Q

community cloud

A

private hospital

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75
Q

abreivations

A

SAAS: Canvas
PAAS: Facebook
INFAAS: access to raw computing

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76
Q

INFAAS vs, SAAS

A

the degree in control over the resources you need as an organization

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77
Q

data

A

is everywhere in an
organization

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78
Q

what do employees do with data?

A

must be able to obtain
and analyze the many different
levels, formats, and granularities
of organizational data to make decisions

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79
Q

collecting data can…

A

provide tremendous insight into
how an organization is performing

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80
Q

data levels

A

individual knowledge, department enterprise

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81
Q

data formats

A

document, presentation, spreadsheet, database

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82
Q

granularities

A

summary; reports for each salesperson, product and/or part

83
Q

4 types of primary traits of the value of data

A
  1. Data type
  2. Data timeliness
  3. Data quality
  4. Data Governance
84
Q

transactional data

A

Encompasses
all of the data contained within a
single business process or unit of
work, and its primary purpose is to
support the performing of daily
operational tasks

85
Q

analytical data

A

Encompasses all
organizational data, and its primary
purpose is to support the performing
of managerial analysis tasks

86
Q

examples of transactional data

A

airline ticket, sales receipt, packing slip

87
Q

examples of analytical data

A

product statistics, sales projections, trends, future growth

88
Q

Real-time data

A

Immediate,
up-to-date data

89
Q

Real-time system

A

Provides
real-time data in response to requests.

90
Q

data inconsistency

A

Occurs
when the same data element has
different values

91
Q

data integrity issues

A

Occur when a system produces incorrect,
inconsistent, or duplicate data

92
Q

Characteristics of High Quality-Data

A
  • accurate
  • complete
  • consistent
    -timely
    -unique
93
Q

The four primary sources of low
quality data include….

A
  1. Customers intentionally enter inaccurate data to protect their privacy
  2. Different entry standards and formats
  3. Operators enter abbreviated or
    erroneous data by accident or to
    save time
  4. Third party and external data contains inconsistencies,
    inaccuracies, and errors
94
Q

Potential business effects resulting
from low quality data include

A
  • inability to accurately track
    customers.
  • Difficulty identifying valuable
    customers.
  • Inability to identify selling
    opportunities.
  • Marketing to nonexistent
    customers.
  • Difficulty tracking revenue.
  • Inability to build strong customer
    relationships.
95
Q

the benefits of good data

A

High quality data can
significantly improve the
chances of making a good
decision.
* Good decisions can directly
impact an organization’s bottom
line.

96
Q

data steward

A

responsible for
ensuring data policies and
procedures are implemented
across an organization

97
Q

Data governance

A

Refers to the overall
management of the availability, usability,
integrity, and security of company data

98
Q

Master data management (MDM)

A

The
practice of gathering data and ensuring that it is
uniform, accurate, consistent, and complete,
including such entities as customers, suppliers,
products, sales, employees, and other critical
entities that are commonly integrated across
organizational systems

99
Q

data validation

A

Includes the tests and
evaluations used to determine compliance with data governance polices to ensure correctness of
data

100
Q

database

A

maintains data
about various types of objects
(inventory), events
(transactions), people
(employees), and places
(warehouses)

101
Q

Database management systems (DBMS)

A

Allows users to
create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database

102
Q

data element

A

smallest basic unit of data

103
Q

data model

A

Logical data
structures that detail the
relationships among data
elements using graphics or
pictures

104
Q

metadata

A

details about data

105
Q

data dictionary

A

Compiles all of
the metadata about the data
elements in the data model.

106
Q

Entity

A

A person, place, thing, transaction, or
event about which data is stored.

107
Q

Attribute (field, column)

A

The data elements
associated with an entity.

108
Q

primary key

A

A field (or group of fields) that
uniquely identifies a given entity in a table

109
Q

foreign key

A

A primary key of one table that
appears an attribute in another table and acts
to provide a logical relationship among the two
tables

110
Q

Database Advantages

A
  • increased flexibility
  • increased performance
  • increased data integrity
  • reduced data redundance
  • increased data security
111
Q

Database Advantages: INCREASD FLEXIBILITY

A
  • Have only one physical view -
    Deals with the physical
    storage of data on a storage
    device.
  • Have multiple logical views –
    Focuses on how individual
    users logically access data to
    meet their own particular
112
Q

data redundancy

A

The duplication of data or storing
the same data in multiple
places
- Inconsistency is one of the
primary problems with redundant
data

113
Q

data integriity

A

measures the
quality of data

114
Q

integrity constraint

A

rules that help ensure the quality of data

115
Q

access level

A

Determines who
has access to the different types
of data

116
Q

access control

A

Determines
types of user access, such as
read-only access

117
Q

which data is difficult to access

A

organizational

118
Q

organizational data

A
  • contains
    structured data in database
  • contains
    unstructured data such as voice
    mail, phone calls, text messages,
    and video clips
119
Q

Problem with Data and Information

A

Even in today’s electronic
world, managers struggle with
the challenge of turning their
business data into business
intelligence

120
Q

Solution to problem with data and information is Data aggregation which is…

A

Improving the quality of
business decisions has a direct
impact on costs and revenue

121
Q

Data Warehouse

A

A logical
collection of data – gathered
from many different operational
databases – that supports
business analysis activities and
decision-making tasks.

aggregate data
throughout an organization into
a single repository for decision-
making purposes

provided the ability to support decision making without disrupting the day-to-day operations

122
Q

Reasons business analysis is
difficult from operational
systems

A
  • Inconsistent Data Definitions.
  • Lack of Data Standards.
  • Poor Data Quality.
  • Inadequate Data Usefulness.
  • Ineffective Direct Data
    Access
123
Q

Data Aggregation

A

Collection of
data from various sources for the
purpose of data processing

124
Q

Extraction, transformation, and
loading (ETL)

A

A process that
extracts data from internal and
external databases, transforms the data using a common set of
enterprise definitions, and loads the data into a data warehouse

125
Q

data mart

A

subset of data warehouse data

126
Q

data cube

A

The
common term for
the
representation of
multidimensional
data

127
Q

data lake

A

A storage repository
that holds a vast amount of raw
data in its original format until
the business needs it

128
Q

dirty data

A

Erroneous or
flawed data

129
Q

data cleaning or scrubbing

A

A process that
weeds out and fixes or
discards inconsistent,
incorrect, or incomplete data

130
Q

dirty data examples

A
  • duplicated data
  • incorrect data
  • misleading data
131
Q

Data: Visualization

A
  • Describes
    technologies that allow users to
    “see” or visualize data to
    transform data into a business
    perspective

Data artists
use
infographics to
display
patterns,
relationships,
and trends in a
visual format

132
Q

data visualization tools

A

Move beyond Excel graphs and
charts into sophisticated analysis
techniques such as pie charts,
controls, instruments, maps,
time-series graphs, and more

133
Q

Business intelligence
dashboards

A

Track
corporate metrics such as
critical success factors and
key performance indicators
and include advanced
capabilities such as
interactive controls allowing
users to manipulate data for
analysis

134
Q

distributed computing

A

Processes and
manages algorithms
across many
machines in a
computing
environment

135
Q

ledger

A

Records classified and
summarized transactional data.

136
Q

blockchain

A

A type of
distributed ledger, consisting of
blocks of data that maintain a
permanent and tamper-proof
record of transactional data

137
Q

proof-of-work

A

A requirement to define an
expensive computer calculation, also called
mining, that needs to be performed in order to
create a new group of trustless transactions
(blocks) on the distributed ledger or
blockchain

138
Q

Proof-of-work has two primary goals:

A
  1. To verify the legitimacy of a transaction, or
    avoid the so-called double-spending
  2. To create new digital currencies by
    rewarding miners for performing the
    previous task
139
Q

blockchain

A

Formed by linking
together blocks, data structures
containing a hash, previous hash,
and data

140
Q

genesis block

A

The first block
created in the blockchain

141
Q

hash

A

A function that converts an
input of letters and numbers into
an encrypted output of a fixed
length

142
Q

proof of stake

A

A
way to validate
transactions and
achieve a distributed
consensus

143
Q

blockchain advantages

A
  • Immutability.
  • Digital Trust.
  • Internet of Things
    Integration.
144
Q

Local area network (LAN)

A

Connects a group of computers in close
proximity, such as in an office building,
school, or home

145
Q

Wide area network (WAN)

A

Spans a
large geographic area such as a state,
province, or country

146
Q

Metropolitan area network (MAN)

A

A large computer network usually
spanning a city

147
Q

mobile

A

Means the technology can travel
with the user. For instance, users can
download software, email messages, and
web pages onto a laptop or other mobile
device for portable reading or reference

148
Q

mobile business

A

The ability to purchase
goods and services through a wireless
Internet-enabled device

149
Q

wireless

A

Refers to any type of operation
accomplished without the use of a hard-
wired connection

150
Q

Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi)

A

A means by
which portable devices can connect
wirelessly to a local area network, using
access points that send and receive
data via radio waves

151
Q

wifi infrastructure

A

includes the
inner workings of a Wi-Fi service or
utility, including the signal transmitters,
towers, or poles and additional
equipment required to send out a Wi-Fi signal.

152
Q

bandwidth

A

The maximum
amount of data that can pass
from one point to another in a
unit of time

153
Q

bit

A

The smallest element of
data and has a value of either 0
or 1

154
Q

bit rate

A

The number of bits
transferred or received per unit
of time

155
Q

Wireless Networks

A
  • PANS
  • WLANS
  • WMAN
  • WWAN
156
Q

Personal area networks
(PAN)

A

Provide communication
over a short distance that is
intended for use with devices
that are owned and operated by a single user.

157
Q

Bluetooth

A

Wireless PAN
technology that transmits
signals over short distances
between cell phones,
computers, and other devices

158
Q

Wireless Lan (WLAN)

A

A local area network that uses
radio signals to transmit and
receive data over distances of a
few hundred feet.

159
Q

access point q

A

The computer or
network device that serves an as
interface between devices and the
network

160
Q

wireless access point

A

Enables
devices to connect to a wireless
network to communicate with each
other

161
Q

multiple in/multiple out technology

A

Multiple transmitters
and receivers allowing them to send
and receive greater amounts of data
than traditional networking devices

162
Q

Wireless MAN (WMAN)

A

A
metropolitan area network that
uses radio signals to transmit
and receive data

163
Q

Worldwide Interoperability
for Microwave Access
(WiMAX)

A

A communications
technology aimed at providing
high-speed wireless data over
metropolitan area networks.

164
Q

Wireless WAN (WWAN)

A

A wide
area network that uses radio
signals to transmit and receive
data.
Access the text alternative for slide images.
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165
Q

streaming

A

A method of
sending audio and video files
over the Internet in such a way
that the user can view the file
while it is being transferred

166
Q

streaming data

A

Data that is
generated continuously by
thousands of data sources,
which typically send in the data
records simultaneously, and in
small sizes (order of kilobytes).
17

167
Q

Smart Phone

A

Offer more advanced
computing ability and connectivity than
basic cell phones

168
Q

5G

A

The fifth-generation wireless
broadband technology that will greatly
increase the speed and responsiveness
of wireless networks

169
Q

WIFI 6

A

The
next generation
of Wi-Fi expected
to operate at 9.6
Gbps

170
Q

Satellite

A

A space
station that orbits
the Earth receiving
and transmitting
signals from Earth-
based stations over a
wide area

171
Q

actor

A

An entity that is capable
of participating in an action or a
network

172
Q

bad actor

A

An entity that is
participating with ill intentions

173
Q

Wired equivalent privacy (WEP)

A

An encryption algorithm designed to protect
wireless transmission data.

174
Q

Wi-Fi protected access (WPA)

A
  • A wireless
    security protocol to protect Wi-Fi networks
175
Q

war chalking

A

The practice of tagging
pavement with codes displaying where Wi-
Fi access is available.

176
Q

war driving

A

Deliberately searching for
Wi-Fi signals while driving by in a vehicle

177
Q

SSL Certificate

A

An electronic
document that confirms the identity of a
website or server and verifies that a
public key belongs to a trustworthy
individual or company.

178
Q

Secure hypertext transfer protocol
(SHTTP or HTTPS)

A

A combination of
HTTP and SSL to provide encryption and
secure identification of an Internet
server

179
Q

It Consumerization

A

The
blending of personal and
business use of technology
devices and applications.

180
Q

pervasive computing

A

The
growing trend of embedding
computer capabilities into
everyday objects to make them
effectively communicate and
perform useful tasks in a way
that minimizes the end user‘s
need to interact with computers
as computers

181
Q

Enterprise mobility
management (EMM) -

A

An
enterprise wide security strategy
to enforce corporate epolicies
while enabling employee use of
mobile devices such as smart
phones and tablets

182
Q

Mobile application
management (MAM)

A

A
security strategy that administers
and enforces corporate epolicies
for applications on mobile
devices

183
Q

mobile application development

A

The set of
processes and procedures
involved in writing software for
use on wireless devices

184
Q

Mobile information
management (MIM)

A

-A security
strategy that involves keeping
sensitive data encrypted and
allowing only approved
applications to access or transmit
it

185
Q

Fast data

A

The application of big
data analytics to smaller data sets
in near real or real time in order to
solve a problem or create business value

186
Q

There are three key security
considerations to keep in mind as
you enter the wireless world:

A

1, Start with the right equipment
2. Make security an ongoing
process, not a one-time event
3. Understand that not all
threats are purposeful

187
Q

digital divide

A

A worldwide
gap giving advantage to those
with access to technology

188
Q

Areas
experiencing
tremendous
growth using
wireless
technologies
include.

A
  • radio refrequency identification
  • global positioning
  • geogrpahic infomraiton
189
Q

Radio frequency identification
(RFID)

A

Uses electronic tags and
labels to identify objects wirelessly
over short distances

190
Q

RFID tag

A

An electronic
identification device that is made
up of a chip and antenna

191
Q

RFID reader

A

A
transmitter/receiver that reads the
contents of RFID tags in the area

192
Q

Global positioning system (GPS)

A

A
satellite-based navigation system providing
extremely accurate position, time, and
speed information

193
Q

Automatic vehicle location (AVL)

A

Uses
GPS tracking to track vehicles

194
Q

Geocache

A

A GPS technology adventure
game that posts the longitude and latitude
location for an item on the Internet for
users to find

195
Q

Geocoin

A

round coin-sized object is unqiuely numbered and hidden geocache

196
Q

(ETA)

A

Estimated time of arrival

197
Q

Estimated time en route (ETE)

A

t he
time remaining before reaching a
destination using the present speed

198
Q

Geographic information
system (GIS)

A

Consists of
hardware, software, and data that
provide location information for
display on a multidimensional
map

199
Q

Cartography

A

The science and
art of making an illustrated map or
chart

200
Q

GIS map automation

A

Links
business assets to a centralized
system where they can be tracked
and monitored over time

201
Q

Spatial data

A

Identifies the
geographic location of features
and boundaries on Earth, such as
natural or constructed features,
oceans, and more

202
Q

geocoding

A

Spatial databases is
a coding process that assigns a
digital map feature to an attribute
that serves as a unique ID (tract
number, node number) or
classification (soil type, zoning
category)

203
Q

location based services (LBS)

A

applications that uses location information to provide a service

204
Q
A

ISM-3003 Exam 1 (3 decks)

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