Exam 2 Flashcards
How many federally recognized tribal nations
574
What % of the US population do Indignenous people make up
2%, 30% live on reservations
Indian Health service
created 1955 as a federal healthcare provider for this population
Doctrine of Discovery 1500s
any land not inhabited by christians was able to be discovered/claimed/exploited. Inhabitants could convert and be spared, or be killed
Johnson v M’intosh 1823
supreme court decision stated indians could occupy lands within US but could not hold the title
Indian Removal Act 1830
Andrew Jackson authorizes removal of Native Americans in southern US states to federal territory west of Mississippi, Trail of Tears and Navajo Long Walk.
Removal era 1825
25 million acres of land lost
Reservation 1850-1887
separated from US citizens
Allotment and Assimilation 1887-1934
break up Indian overship of land/end tribal existence, loss of 48 million acres, boarding schools
Termination 1940-1961
loss of federal trust, over 100 tribes terminated, lost health care
Indian Self Determination 1970s: current
Indian Education Act, Indian Child Welfare Act (making sure that children removed from home stay in the culture
Genocide
goal of white colonizer, given small pox blankets, forced sterilization, stole children from boarding schools and assimilation (“foster care” by white instead of other natives)
Carlisle
Open 39 years
186 plus graves
140 plus tribes
Hundreds of government and private schools
Thousands of students
Active as American College of War
Natives don’t talk about the trama, causes a loss of language, culture and history
MMIW
Covered up
Cause of death changed from rape and murder
Public health crisis
FBI doesn’t show
Trama long lasting
Working with Native people
Distrust and suspicion
Establish trust
Cultural humility. Know that you don’t get it
Never stop learning, get to know specific people and culture
Cultural immersion is important for the nurse and key to shared understanding
Dr Sims
Father of Gyne
Experimental surgeries on enslaved women
Maternal death, black women 3 to 4 times more likely to die
Institutional racism
Lower quality of care
1830s first experiment on black people
17 year old slave, 30 surgeries
No anesthesia, black people did not feel pain
enslaved woman who has child every two years more profitable than any man
Thomas Jefferson
iatrophobia
Fear of the healthier
Of all the forms of inequality, injustice in health care is the most shocking and inhumane
MLK
Every system is perfectly designed to get the results it gets
IHI
The much bewailed racial health gap is not a gap, but a chasm, wider and deeper than a mass grave
(Harriet A Washington)
We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these rights are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness
Thomas Jefferson
I advance it therefore as a suspicion only, that the blacks, whether originally a distinct race or made distinct by time and circumstances, are inferior to the white in endowments of both body and mind.
(Thomas Jefferson)
Race
-biological myth
-DNA difference is so small not worth measuring
-Race is a social construct that our society allows and gives power
-Contributes to health and beyond health
-Created to justify white supremacy, allowed slavery and colonialism. Determined by phenotype (skin color)
Individual racism
an individual’s racist assumptions, beliefs, behaviors, racial discrimination that stems from conscious and unconscious personal prejudice.
Internalized Racism
personal conscious/subconscious acceptance of the dominant society’s racist views,stereotypes, and biases of one’s ethnic group
Systemic Racism
policies and practices in institutions causing exclusion and promotion of designated groups, differs from overt discrimination in that no individual intent is necessary.
Structural Racism
unjust racist patterns and practices that play out across institutions that make up our society
Institutionalized Racism
racist policies, discriminatory practices in schools, work, and government that routinely produce unjust outcomes for people of color
And inasmuch as they cannot so live, while they do remain together there must be the position of superior and inferior, and I as much has any other man am in favor of having the superior position assigned to the white race
(Abe Lincoln)
Our republican system was meant for a homogeneous people. As long as blacks continue to live with the whites they constitute a threat to the nation’s life. Family life may also collapse and the increase of mixed breed bastards may some day challenge the supremacy of the white man.
(Abe Lincoln)
Public Laws 78
allowed mexican nationals working in private industry some basic rights such as livable wages, housing, and transportation
Not enforced in every state
Farm Labor Contractor Registration Act 1963
first major attempt at regulating migrant farm workers, creation of certificate for the crew leader, purpose of certificate unclear, roles of crew leader and farm worker were vague. Recruited people who wanted to work seasonally. Repealed
Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker and Protection Act 1983
distinguished between seasonal and migrant workers, working families issue not addressed
2000s
improved wages, working conditions, housing standards, transportation, access to healthcare services
Obstacles that prevent or decrease access and utilization of health care
Poverty and lack of insurance
Distance from care and lack of transportation
Lack of knowledge about available services
Lack of understanding health problems and risks
Lack of understanding the US healthcare system
Fear and or mistrust of the health care establishment
Hispanic
from spanish speaking countries (Spain, Mexico)
Latin
Mexico, central, south america (Brazil speaks Porteguese but are still latin)
Mental Health
thought to be happy, but 10 million report mental health issues. 34% will seek out services
How to help Latino/a/x
active listening, ask questions, be kind, different ways of healing, seeking medical care is a big step, don’t dismiss cultural healing
How much of the population is Asians
7% Us
60% world
Model Minority
hard working successful minority that has overcome hardship and oppression, stereotype that reinforces that racism is not longer a problem, implies other minorities are bad
Income gaps
widest income gaps of minorities in US
California gold rush
chinese laborers imported
Yellow Peril
trope to vilify chinese immigrants as threat
Page Act
first restrictive federal immigration law in US, prohibit undesirable immigrants, barred chinese women from immigration “to prevent prostitution”
1882 Chinese Exclusion Act
only law to prevent immigration by race or national origin
Southeast Asiain Refugees
resettled in US after US war in Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam, concentrated with poverty and few support
Mental Health of asian populations
high depression and PTSD, elder woman suicide
Systemic Issues in Mental Health care
Over/under/misdiagnosis
Over pathologize cultural norm (assertiveness)
Racism/Microaggression from providers
Intergenerational Trauma
