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MIP 260 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the Protozoan Flagellates

A
  • Tryposoma
  • Leishmania
  • Giardia
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2
Q

Name the Protozoan Apicomplexans

A

Cryptosporidium
Emeria
Toxoplasma
Plasmodium

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3
Q

Name the Trematodes

A

Schistosoma
Fasciola
Conchorus

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4
Q

Name the Cestodes

A

Diphyllobothrum
Echinococcosi
Taenia

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5
Q

Life Cycle of Tryposoma, which is VSG+/-

A
  1. Blood stream Amastigote in vertebrate host (VSG+)
  2. Epimastigote in insect host (VSG-)
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6
Q

Which species are associated with kinetoplasts

A

Leishmania and Tryposoma

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7
Q

What species cause acute vs chronic African Sleeping Sickness?

A

Acute-T.brucei brucei
Chronic-T.brucei gambiense

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8
Q

What species is VSG in and what does it mean?

A

Tryposoma, and it is used to evade the immune system

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9
Q

What species cause Chagas disease

A

Trypanosoma Cruzi

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10
Q

Acute vs Chronic symptoms of Chagas disease

A

Acute-small red nodule, lymph swelling, enlarged liver, death
Chronic-nervous sys. Disfunction, cardiac failure, megacolon

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11
Q

Where is the Kinetoplasts in Trypanosoma Life stages?

A

Amastigote-near postier end
Epimastigote-anterior to nucleus

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12
Q

Trypanosoma Intermediate Host and disease associated

A

Tseses flies-African Sleeping Sickness
Triatomine bugs-Chagas disease

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13
Q

Forms of Leishmania and Subsepcies?

A

Cutaneous - tropica, l.major, Mexicana
Mucocutaneous - braziliensis
Visceral - donovani

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14
Q

Leishmania Vector and Host

A

Sandfly
Humans, dogs, rodents

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15
Q

Leishmania Life Cycle and Location

A

Flagellated Amastigote (vertebrate host)
Promastigote (insect host, flagella, kinetoplasts anterior to nucleus)

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16
Q

Infectious stage of Leishmania

A

Promastigotes

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17
Q

Where does Leishmania Live?

A

Inside of macrophages

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18
Q

Cutaneous Leishmania Signs

A

small red papule, ulcers

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19
Q

Mucocutaneous Leishmania Signs

A

ulcerated plaques, potentially disfiguring

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20
Q

Viseral Leishmania Sings

A

Amastigotes found in every tissue and body fluid

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21
Q

Leishmania diagnosis

A

Spleen smear, ELISA, immunofluorescent assay

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22
Q

How do Flagellates reproduce

A

Binary fission

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23
Q

Giardia Life Stages

A
  1. Cyst
  2. Trophozoite (clown face)
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24
Q

How are humans infected with Giardia?

A

Ingesting the cyst

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25
Q

What happens inside the body when Giardia cysts are consumed?

A
  1. Excystation (cyst divides to 2 trophozoites)
  2. Trophozoites attach to epithelium and divide
  3. Encystment (travels from intestine to colon)
26
Q

How does Giardia effect the GI tract?

A

Microvilli interfere with absorption

27
Q

Giardia Diagnosis

A

Wet mount
Duodenal fluid
Centrifugal flotation
ELISA
FA
PCR

28
Q

Giardia Hosts

A

Species complex - host associated
Common in most dogs and cats

29
Q

Where is toxoplasma in the body?

A

Intracellular
Muscle, GI epithelium, blood, peritoneal fluid, more tissues

30
Q

Toxoplasma definitive host

A

Cats

31
Q

Acute Toxoplasma

A

Rapidly dividing stages
Parasites in cell accunulate- host cell destroyed - released as tachyzoites

32
Q

Chronic Toxoplasma

A

Slow replication (bradyzoites) - brain, heart, skeletal muscle
Parasites accumulate and become surrounded by tough wall (tissue cysts)

33
Q

When does Toxoplasma infection Occur?

A

Bradyzoites (tissue cysts ingested) or sporozoites

34
Q

Toxoplasma Infection Signs

A

Cats - none
Humans - congenital defects
CNS/worse in immunocompromised

35
Q

Apicomplexans Characteristics

A

Possess apical complex-distinguished by electron microscopy
Oocysts contain sporocysts that contain sporozoites

36
Q

Where do the different spore processes occur in the body?

A

Merogony/gamogomy inside of host
Sporogomy outside of host

37
Q

Emeria Life Cycle

A

Sporocysts ingested by cattle
Schizonts (asexual) - growth in small intestine
Micro gametes/Zygotes (sexual)-matures in large intenstine

38
Q

Emeria Effect on the Body

A

Hemmoraghing
Destruction of epithelial cells and tissue

39
Q

Emeria Hosts

A

VERY host specific
Several strains can infect the same host
Overcrowded conditions
Self limiting

40
Q

Emeria Diagnosis

A

Fecal flotation

41
Q

Cryptosporidium symptoms

A

Basic GI shit

42
Q

Cryptosporidium Diagnosis

A

Acid Fast
Immunofluorescent assay
+/- fecal flotation
ELISA
PCR

43
Q

Cryptosporidium Hosts

A

Low host specificity

44
Q

Plasmodium Disease Name

A

Malaria

45
Q

Plasmodium/Malaria Diagnosis

A

Blood smear
Immunodiagnostic test
PCR

46
Q

Plasmodium/Malaria signs

A

Up down cycle
Fever
Convulsions
Chills
Pain/aches

47
Q

Plasmodium Vector

A

Female Mosquito

48
Q

Plasmodium Life Cycle

A
  1. Female Mosquito injects sporozoites to bloodstream
  2. Enter liver and reproduce asexually
  3. Liver cells rupture release merozoites to blood stream
  4. Erythozoites that can remain dormant
49
Q

Other name for Dranculus

A

Guinea fire worm

50
Q

Ovoviviparous

A

Eggs hatched inside host parent

51
Q

Life Cycle Dranculua

A
  1. Drink water containing L3 larvae in copepods
  2. L3 penetrates stomach and SI wall, enter subcutaneous tissue
  3. Female migrate to skin surface, lesion in contact with water she emerges
  4. Matures into adults in ingual regions
52
Q

Dranculus Signs

A

Blisters
Allergic reaction
Bacterial infection
Permanent nerve damage

53
Q

How do people get Dranculus

A

Drinking water with copepods

54
Q

Wulcheria Hosts

A

Primates/Humans

55
Q

Disease caused by Wulcheria

A

Elephantitis

56
Q

Wulcheria life cycle

A
  1. L3 introduced by mosquito
  2. L3 migrate to lymphs and develop into adults
  3. Females oviviparous, microfilia migrate through lymph and blood
  4. microfilia Only present at certain times of day
57
Q

Wulcheria Elephantitis Life Cycle

A
  1. Mosquito ingest microfilia (deep tissue during day, skin surface at night)
  2. Develop in mosquito to L1 into L3
  3. L3 migrate to proboscis of mosquito
58
Q

Elephantitis acute and obstruction

A

Acute - adult worms, inflammation from worm bacteria, dilation of lymphs (less blood flow)
Obstruction - vessels thickened and blocked, lymph drainage impaired.
Microfilia - no disease

59
Q

Wulcheria Diagnosis

A

Knott’s test
ELISA
PCR

60
Q

Ascaris Common Name

A

Large roundworm

61
Q

Most common helminth infection in the world

A

Ascaris

MIP 260 (1 decks)

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