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Principles of Aeronautical Science > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 components of an aircraft are required to be certified by the FAA?

A

Aircraft, engines, and propellers

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2
Q

What directions do the 4 forces of flight move in?

A

Lift goes up, thrust moves the plane forward, drag pulls the plane back, and weight is the downward movement of the plane

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3
Q

What are the 3 aircraft movements?

A

Pitch, yaw, and roll

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4
Q

What are the names of the axes that planes move around?

A

Lateral, longitudinal, and vertical axis

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5
Q

Is the yaw motion of an aircraft the side to side movement of the nose of an aircraft around the vertical axis?

A

Yes

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6
Q

Is the rolling motion of an aircraft the up and down movement of the wings of the aircraft around the longitudinal axis?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Is the pitch motion the up and down movement of the nose of the aircraft around the lateral axis?

A

Yes

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8
Q

What are the 5 major components of an airplane that most aircraft designs have?

A

Fuselage, wings, empennage, landing gear, and powerplant

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9
Q

What are the two control surfaces attached to the trailing edge of the wings?

A

Ailerons and flaps

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10
Q

State all the different parts of the empennage?

A

Trim tabs, elevator, horizontal stabiliser, vertical fin, and the rudder

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11
Q

What are the four types of aircraft construction?

A

Truss Structure, monocoque, semi monocoque, and composite

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12
Q

What is the difference between the Truss Structure and the monocoque?

A

Truss structure example is the wright flyer (organised into connected triangles so acts as a single object), and a monocoque has a “soda can” construction

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13
Q

What is the difference between semi monocoque and composite construction?

A

Semi monocoque: modern aircraft, and composite is even more modern

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14
Q

What are the 4 properties of air?

A

Fluid, viscosity, friction, and pressure

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15
Q

What is the standard sea level pressure and temperature?

A

Pressure: 29.92”Hg and temperature: 15 degrees C (59.0 F)

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16
Q

As altitude increases does the pressure and temperature decrease?

A

Yes

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17
Q

What does Newton’s third law state?

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, which subsequently explains the aircrafts motion

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18
Q

What is Bernoulli’s principle of differential pressure?

A

As the velocity of moving fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases

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19
Q

Does Bernoulli’s principle of differential pressure explain the aircraft’s lift?

A

Yes

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20
Q

What is airfoil?

A

Airfoil is a structure designed to obtain reaction upon its surface from air through which it moves or moves past the structure

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21
Q

What is the camber, and chord line?

A

Curvature of the wing, and a straight line through leading to trailing edge

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22
Q

Is the relative wind the direction of movement of the atmosphere with respect to the wing?

A

Yes

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23
Q

What direction does high pressure always move in?

A

The direction of low pressure

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24
Q

Can lift be defined as the differential pressure between the upper and lower airfoil surfaces?

A

Yes

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25
Q

What two things create flight?

A

Motion (Newton’s 3rd Law) and lift (Bernoulli’s principle)

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26
Q

What is maintained during straight and level flight?

A

Constant heading and altitude

27
Q

Are there any unbalanced forces for straight and level flight?

A

No

28
Q

What is angle of attack and as angle of attack increases does lift do the same?

A

It is the angle between the chord line of the wing and relative wind, and yes it does

29
Q

What are the two types of drag?

A

Parasite and Induced

30
Q

What is the difference between the two drags?

A

Parasite drag is caused by the aircraft’s shape, construction type, and material. Induced is a by product of lift

31
Q

What is ground affect?

A

When the air that gets trapped between the wing and landing surface acts as an air cushion

32
Q

What does it mean when a characteristic of a airplane causes it to return to equilibrium after being disturbed?

A

Ability to return or continue on original flight path

33
Q

What are the two types of stability?

A

Static, and dynamic

34
Q

State the 3 primary flight control systems?

A

Elevator, rudder, aileron

35
Q

What does the elevator control?

A

The pitch (Up and down movement of the nose of the aircraft)

36
Q

What does the rudder control?

A

The Yaw (a twist or rotation of up to 360 degrees of an aircraft on a vertical axis)

37
Q

What does the aileron control?

A

The roll (up and down movement of the wings of an aircraft)

38
Q

How is adverse yawing caused and does it cause the aircraft to roll in opposite direction to the yaw?

A

It is caused as a result of the aircraft rolling, and yes it does

39
Q

Are flaps the most common high-lift devices used on the aircraft?

A

Yes

40
Q

Do flaps allow a compromise between high cruising speed and low landing speed?

A

Yes

41
Q

What is the function of spoilers?

A

They are high drag devices deployed from wings to spoil the smooth airflow, reduce lift and increase drag

42
Q

Are trim systems used to relieve pilots of their duties?

A

Yes

43
Q

Why does the pitot-static instrument system use static pressure and dynamic pressure?

A

Due to motion through the air

44
Q

What is the only instrument to use both dynamic and static pressure measurements?

A

Air speed indicator

45
Q

What does the altimeter and vertical speed indicator measure?

A

Altimeter measures the height above a given pressure level (above sea level), and vertical speed indicator measures the level of flight

46
Q

Do gyroscopic instruments show aircraft’s orientation and direction?

A

Yes

47
Q

State some of the instruments that do this?

A

Turn indicators, attitude indicator (show aircraft relation to the horizon and most reliable instrument), and heading indicator

48
Q

What are EFD’s?

A

Electronic flight displays

49
Q

Does an increase in total weight affect every other part of flight negatively?

A

Yes

50
Q

Is the centre of gravity the point at which an aircraft would balance if it were suspended at that point?

A

Yes

51
Q

Is centre of gravity always a fixed point?

A

No

52
Q

What two characteristics of an aircraft are affected by improper balance?

A

Stability and control

53
Q

State two ways pilots can alter or control the CG of an aircraft?

A

Placement of baggage and cargo, as well as the assignment of passengers

54
Q

What two things determine whether an aircraft is within weight and balance limits?

A

Falls within CG range and does not exceed max gross take off weight

55
Q

What is the calculation for centre of gravity?

A

Moments divided by the weight

56
Q

What are the three main atmospheric factors that have major affect on aircraft performance?

A

Pressure, density, and temperature

57
Q

How much of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases are in the atmosphere?

A

78% of nitrogen, 21% of oxygen, and 1% of other gases

58
Q

Does the characteristics change instead of the composition?

A

Yes

59
Q

What does pressure, temperature, and humidity cause density to do?

A

Increase in pressure increases density, increase in temp decreases density, and increase in humidity decreases density

60
Q

Where do airplanes perform better and why?

A

Higher altitude as the air is denser

61
Q

What is range performance?

A

The ability to convert fuel energy into flying distance

62
Q

Is taking off and landing into headwind the preferred configuration?

A

Yes

63
Q
A

Principles of Aeronautical Science (4 decks)

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