Exam 2

Question 1

original use for TNT

Answer 1

yellow dye

Question 2

how does TNT enter the environment?

Answer 2

• manufacturing
• destruction of bombs
• recycling explosives

Question 3

how can TNT be ingested?

Answer 3

drinking contaminated water that has migrated from chemical waste sites, eating contaminated foods

Question 4

nitroreductase was derived from _____________

Answer 4

Enterobacter cloacae

Question 5

nitroreductase reduces TNT to a less harmful derivative in ___ steps

Answer 5

2

Question 6

NR3-2 plants in 0.1mM TNT removed all TNT after ______hours

Answer 6

20

Question 7

At high concentrations of TNT, WT tobacco removed __________________ of TNT, and NR3-2 removed all of the TNT by _______ hours.

Answer 7

a neglibible amount, 72

Question 8

Was TNT found in WT roots and shoots?

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

Was TNT or ADNTs found in NR3-2 roots or shoots?

Answer 9

no TNT, some ADNTs in roots, none in shoots

Question 10

health effects of TNT

Answer 10

• anemia
• abnormal liver function
• spleen enlargement
• immune system effects
• impacts male fertility

Question 11

RDX

Answer 11

high stability and detonation power, widely used during WWII

Question 12

RDX is used to make this common plastic explosive

Answer 12

C-4

Question 13

health effects of RDX

Answer 13

convulsions/seizures, changes in blood pressure, possible carcinogen

Question 14

does RDX bioaccumulate?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

does RDX bond to soil?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

toxicity of HMX

Answer 16

less toxic than RDX, affects central nervous system at high doses

Question 17

is methylobacterium aerobic?

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

facultative methylotrophic

Answer 18

can grow in either the presence or absence of one-carbon compounds (methane or methanol)

Question 19

Methylobacterium sp.

Answer 19

pink, highly resistant to environmental extremes

Question 20

Methylobacterium sp. becomes _____________ in liquid suspension

Answer 20

filamentous

Question 21

what does the OD600 do?

Answer 21

measures the number of bacterial cells

Question 22

only ______ and _______ were metabolized fully by Methylobacterium sp.

Answer 22

RDX and HMX

Question 23

metabolic

Answer 23

total of all chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism to produce energy and basic materials

Question 24

cometabolic

Answer 24

transformation of a substance while a second substance serves as primary energy or a carbon source- simultaneous degradation of two compounds

Question 25

Table 2 in the Van Aken paper shows that the bacteria need __________________ to break down the explosives

Answer 25

cometabolism

Question 26

radio chromatogram is used for ______________

Answer 26

solution analysis

Question 27

why was TNT not initially used as an explosive?

Answer 27

• difficult to detonate
• less powerful than alternatives
• needs to be 140 degrees celcius to detonate

Question 28

nitrogylicerine is used for…

Answer 28

dynamite, weapon ignitions and propellants, commercially used as a pharmaceutical agent

Question 29

nitroglycerine toxicity

Answer 29

very poisonous if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed dermally

Question 30

symptoms of nitroglycerine poisoning

Answer 30

rapid heart rate, hypo-tension, weakness, vertigo, nausea, vomiting. sweating, syncope (fainting), seizures, coma, death

Question 31

2,4-DNT is used for…

Answer 31

production of explosives and ammunition, a primary ingredient in propellants

Question 32

symptoms of 2,4-DNT exposure

Answer 32

muscular incoordination, cyanosis, CNS depression, respiratory depression, affects the blood and central nervous system

Question 33

Nitroglycerine and 2,4-DNT are both ___________ in water

Answer 33

soluble