Exam 2 Flashcards
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DRA
Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior
DRO
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior
Unwated Behavior placed on Extinction
DRI
Differential Reinforcer of Incompatible Behavior
Unwanted Behavior place on extinction
DRL
Differential Reinforcement of Low-Rate Responding
Antecedent/Stimulus Control
Increase the probability of the desired behavior and decrease the probability of unwanted alternate behavior
Shouting out in class
DRA example
Reinforce asking politely and ignore shouting out in class
Child Swearing
DRO example
Reinforce any behavior other than swearing
Clapping hands
DRI example
Reinforce sitting on hands, because this is an incompatible behavior with clapping hands
Using the phone too much
DRL example
Reinforce using the phone less and less in a given time period
Continuous Reinforcement
Reinforce every time (used for acquisition)
Intermittent Reinforcement
Reinforcement at irregular intervals (used for maintenance)
Basic Schedules
Every time the doorbell
is pushed, it rings
Fixed Ratio
Basic Schedules
Every 10 minutes, a
commercial comes on
Fixed Interval
Basic Schedules
Every 3-5 rounds, a
commercial comes in
Variable Ratio
Basic Schedules
Every 8-15 minutes a
commercial comes on
Variable Interval
Which basic schedule produces scalloped responding?
Fixed Interval
Limited Holds
Variable Interval schedule at a
specific moment in time
Duration Schedules
Reinforcement occurring for continuous engagement in the behavior
Concurrent Schedules
Schedules of reinforcement that exist at the same time for 2 or more different behaviors
Limited Holds example
Waiting for the bus
a sprinter
Duration Schedules example
Running in a race
(behavior of running is reinforced throughout the race)
Concurrent Schedules example
Can get attention from Roomate A or B
Free Operant Trials
Individual is free to respond repeatedly (leisure play skills)
Discrete Trials
Distinct Stimulus is presented prior to an opportunity for a response followed by reinforcement (answering questions)
Motivating Operations
Temporarily increase the value of a particular stimulus as a reinforced and the probability of responses that have led to the access to that reinforced in the past
MO falls into which ABC
Antecedent
Abolishing Operations
Decreases the effectiveness of reinforcers and punishers and the likelihood of behaviors that lead to reinforcement
Establishing Operations
Increases the effectiveness of reinforcers and punishers and the liklihood of behaviors that lead to reinforcement
Value Altering
Temporarily increases the effectiveness of a reinforcer/punisher
Behavior Altering
Temporarily increases the liklihood of behaviors that lead to the reinforcer and increases effectiveness of punisher
Just ate food
Value Altering example
Food is less effective as a reinforcer
just ate food
Behavior Altering example
Less likely to seek out food
UMO’s
Sex, food, water
CMO’s
Money, lottery tickets, coupons
Sd
Discrimitive stimulus (indicates that reinforcement is available)
S-Delta
Indicates that reinforcement is not available (extinction)
Prompts
Are things that increase the likelihood of a desired behavior
Extra Stimulus
Something added (like a stop sign)
Within Stimulus
Alterations to Sd or S-Delta (correct answer is a different color)
Extra stimulus and within stimulus
Prompt Types
ES: Physical, verbal, visual, gesture, modeling, texture
WS: Positional and Auditory
Prompt Fading
Gradually remove prompts to increase liklihood of desired behavior
**
Errorless Teaching
Fading from most intrusive prompt to least intrusive prompt until independence without failure
Stimulus Generalization
A previously reinforced response carrying over in the presence of another stimulus
Stimulus Classes
A group of stimuli that share common elements
Stimulus Equivalance Class
Dissimilar stimuli in which all members control the same response (apple, banana, blueberry: Fruit)
Frequency
However many times a behavior occurs
Rate
However many times a behavior occurs in a given period of time
Duration
The amount of time from beginning to end of a given behavior
Durration Per Occurrence
The amount of time from beginning to end of a given behavior each time the behavior occurs
Inter-Response Time
The amount of time from the offset of the behavior to its next onset
Latency
The amount of time from presentation of a stimulus until the onest of the behavior
