exam 2 Flashcards
Viki (Chimp)
learned 4 words in 7 years: mama, papa, cup,cup
Washoe (Chimp)
learned more than 100 signs in ASL
Lucy (Chimp)
learned asl, exhibited human traits like telling lies and teaching others
Koko (Gorilla)
used 400-700 ASL signs
FoxP2
an important gene in language development
Productivity
combining 2 or more signs to create new expressions
Displacement
the ability to talk about things that are not present
Kinesics
body language: movements and gestures
Descriptive Linguistics
the scientific study of spoken language
Phonology
Study of speech sounds
Morphology
forms in which sounds combine to form morphemes
Syntax
arrangement and order of words in phrases or sentences
Lexicon
dictionary containing all morphemes and their meanings
Chomsky
believed all languages have a common structural basis (Universal Grammar)
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
different languages produce different ways of thinking
Focal Vocabulary
specialized sets of terms and distinctions that are important to cultural groups
Sociolinguistics
investigates the relationship between social and linguistic variations, or language in its social context
Linguistics relativity
All dialects are equally effective as systems of communication
Style shifts
varying speech in different context
William Labov
pronunciation associated with prestige
Pierre Bourdieu
Proper language is a strategic resource, and a path to wealth, prestige, and power. He views linguistic practices as symbolic capital
Deborah Tannen
studied differences in the communication styles of men and women
Daughter languages
languages that descend from same parent language that have been changing separately for hundreds or even thousands of years
Protolanguage
original language from which daughter languages descend
Subgroups
languages within a taxonomy of related languages that are most closely related
Ethnic Groups
members are related by shared beliefs, values, habits, customs, and norms
Status
positions people occupy in society
Ascribed Status
little or no choice about occupying the status given
Achieved Status
through choices, actions, efforts, talents, or accomplishments, may be positive or negative
Racial Classification
placement into discrete categories based on common ancestry
Phenotypical traits
an organism’s evident traits