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periodontics > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

By far, the most common type of periodontal disease is

A

dental biofilm-induced gingivitis

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2
Q

The clinical signs of inflammation seen in pediatric patients are not as intense as that seen in a young adult patient with the same quantity of plaque biofilm. When adolescents and adults have similar amounts

A

The first statement is true; the second is false.

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3
Q

The dental clinician notes the following clinical signs during the periodontal assessment of a young male teenager:
* Moderate plaque biofilm at the gingival margin
* Gingival redness and tenderness
* Bleeding on gentle probing
* Gingival margin slightly coronal to the CEJ
* Probing depths of 2 to 3 mm
* Inflammatory response that seems appropriate given the amount of plaque biofilm
Which type of periodontal disease should the hygienist suspect for this patient?

A

Plaque-induced gingivitis caused by bacteria

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4
Q

The dental clinician notes the following clinical signs during the periodontal assessment of a young female teenager:
* Small amount plaque biofilm present at the gingival margin
* Gingival tissues appear bright red and soft
* Bleeding upon gentle probing
* Gingival margin slightly coronal to the CEJ
* Probing depths of 2 to 3 mm
* Inflammatory response that seems exaggerated given the small amount of plaque biofilm
What should the hygienist suspect is the likely cause of this patient’s gingivitis?

A

Fluctuations in sex hormones

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5
Q

A localized, mushroom-shaped gingival mass projecting from the gingival papilla is a common clinical characteristic of:

A

pregnancy-associated gingivitis.

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6
Q

A generalized, pronounced overgrowth of the gingival tissue, first seen in the papillae of the anterior sextants, is most often caused by:

A

use of anticonvulsants

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7
Q

Which condition is a disorder of the mucous membranes possibly caused by a hypersensitivity reaction that can result in gingival ulcerations and extensive crust formation?

A

Erythema multiforme

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8
Q

Which condition causes lacy white patches, sometimes with painful sores?

A

Oral lichen planus

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9
Q

Gingival diseases of specific bacterial origin are classified as which type of gingival disease?

A

Nondental biofilm-induced gingival disease

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10
Q

Which of the following conditions is considered a dental plaque-induced gingival disease with a modifying factor?

A

Pregnancy-associated gingivitis

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11
Q

Hyperglycemia-associated gingivitis most commonly occurs in patients with which disease?

A

Diabetes mellitus

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12
Q

Dental clinicians may be the first to suspect a patient may have leukemia because of an unusual odor emanating from the oral cavity. In leukemia, gingival tissues become keratinized and appear pale pink and very thick.

A

Both statements are false.

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13
Q

Which flavor additive is a common cause of intraoral allergic reactions?

A

cinnamon

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14
Q

Periodontal health is best described as:

A

being free of inflammatory periodontal disease

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15
Q

A pink gingiva is an indicator of gingival health. A dark brownish gingiva is an indicator of gingivitis.

A

The first statement is true; the second is false.

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16
Q

The contour of the healthy gingival margin is __________ as it moves from one tooth to another.

A

scalloped

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17
Q

. In health, the attached gingiva is:

A

keratinized and attached to cementum and bone.

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18
Q

. If a periodontium has no loss of periodontal tissue, it is classified as:

A

intact

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19
Q

A patient’s record indicates that they lost a small amount of alveolar bone to periodontitis about 5 years ago. Since the patient’s initial treatment, the periodontitis has remained in remission. Which term should the hygienist use when describing this patient’s periodontium to the dentist?

A

reduced

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20
Q

If a patient with dental biofilm-induced gingivitis exhibits inflammation affecting the gingival margin and the papilla, their distribution of inflammation is categorized as __________ gingivitis.

A

marginal

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21
Q

Which type of distribution of inflammation includes the gingival margin, papilla, and attached gingiva?

A

diffuse gingivitis

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22
Q

If bleeding upon probing affects 20 percent of sites, and there is an absence of bone loss and/or clinical attachment loss attributed to periodontitis, the patient should be given a diagnosis of:

A

localized gingivitis.

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23
Q

To have generalized gingivitis, bleeding upon probing must affect

A

at least 30 percent of sites.

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24
Q

A successfully treated stable periodontitis patient with gingivitis will have:

A

. both clinical attachment loss and radiological bone loss.

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25
Q

. A successfully treated periodontitis patient can revert to being classified as a “dental biofilm-induced gingivitis on an intact periodontium.” A successfully treated periodontitis patient requires lifelong supportive care.

A

The first statement is false; the second is true

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26
Q

Which of the following is classified as an oral factor that enhances plaque biofilm accumulation?

A

. Hyposalivation

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27
Q

Current oral contraceptive concentrations are much higher than early contraconceptive agents, making them more likely to induce clinical changes in the gingiva. Smokers often exhibit gingival fibrosis, the formation of an abnormal amount of fibrous tissue.

A

The first statement is false; the second is true.

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28
Q

A nutritional deficiency of __________ has well-documented effects on the periodontium, often causing characteristics similar to biofilm-induced gingivitis.

A

vitamin C

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29
Q

Which of the following patients is most likely to be taking a type of medication that can cause gingival enlargement?

A

Cedric, who high blood pressure

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30
Q

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is a rare benign oral condition characterized by the slow and progressive:

A

enlargement of both the maxillary and mandibular attached gingiva.

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31
Q

The most frequently occurring form of periodontitis is:

A

periodontitis.

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32
Q

In Stage II Grade B periodontitis, the gingival tissue may appear bright red or purplish. However, the clinical appearance of the tissues is not a reliable indicator of the presence or severity of periodontitis.

A

Both statements are true.

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33
Q

A patient presents with the following:
* Pink gingival tissues
* CEJ slightly coronal to the JE
* No visible change in tissue contour
* No visible change in tissue consistency
The hygienist classifies this periodontal disease as gingivitis associated with plaque only. Does she have enough information to make this decision?

A

No, because the tissues can have these characteristics in periodontitis.

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34
Q

. All of the following are true of periodontitis, except:
A. gingival bleeding is a common clinical finding.
B. signs may include periodontal pockets and tooth mobility.
C. the disease always progresses at a rapid rate.
D. host response plays an important role in pathogenesis.

A

the disease always progresses at a rapid rate.

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35
Q

. Your patient has had infrequent visits to the dentist. A periodontal assessment shows the following:
* Plaque biofilm that is consistent with the amount of inflammation
* Swelling and redness of the gingiva
* Bleeding on probing
* Generalized loss of attachment
Which of the following is the most likely disease classification for this patient?

A

Periodontitis

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36
Q

Your patient is 40 years old. A periodontal assessment shows the following:
* Purplish, swollen gingiva
* Recession of the gingival margin
* Generalized loss of attachment that has not progressed (worsened) from 2 years ago
* Patient reports gums that bleed during brushing, but no pain
Which of the following is the most likely disease classification for this patient?

A

Periodontitis

37
Q

A patient was successfully treated for periodontitis 2 years ago, but today presents with a reappearance of the signs of symptoms of periodontitis. The hygienist notices that the patient’s self-care is not adequate. Which of the following is the most likely disease classification for this patient?

A

Recurrent periodontitis

38
Q

A patient has undergone repeated, appropriate periodontal therapy over the past 5 years. Today, the hygienist notes additional attachment loss at several sites. The patient practices satisfactory self-care and follows the recommended program of periodontal maintenance visits. Which of the following is the most likely disease classification for this patient?

A

Refractory periodontitis

39
Q

A 50-year-old patient presents with 1 mm of attachment loss in most of the mouth; however, there is 6 mm of attachment loss present on the proximal surfaces of the maxillary first and second molars. Which of the following is the most likely disease classification for this patient?

A

localized periodontitis

40
Q

Three months ago, a patient with periodontitis was seen for a maintenance visit. Three months ago, clinical attachment loss ranged from 4 to 6 mm. Today, he returns for a maintenance visit and the hygienist notes that there is no additional attachment loss in most areas of the mouth. The one exception is a 2-mm increase in clinical attachment loss on the distal proximal surface of tooth #20. How would you characterize the periodontal disease progression in this patient’s mouth?

A

Disease progression is slow.

41
Q

Three months ago, a patient with periodontitis was seen for a maintenance visit. Today, he returns for another maintenance visit and the hygienist notes that there is no additional attachment loss in most areas of the mouth. The one exception is a 2-mm increase in clinical attachment loss on the distal proximal surface of tooth #20. The area on tooth #20 is described as:

A

site-specific disease.

42
Q

By far the most common type of periodontal disease is:

A

generalized periodontitis.

43
Q

All of the following are typical warning signs of periodontitis, except:
A. bad taste in the mouth.
B. loose teeth.
C. red, swollen gingiva.
D. pain.

A

pain

44
Q

All of the following are characteristics of periodontitis, except:
A. radiographic evidence of horizontal bone loss.
B. can be modified by cigarette smoking.
C. most common in adults who are younger than age 35 years.
D. disease typically progresses at a slow to moderate rate.

A

c

45
Q

Disease sites that have not responded successfully to treatment are characterized by:

A

increasing clinical attachment loss.

46
Q

. Refractory periodontitis occurs despite good self-care and appropriate therapy and regular maintenance visits. Recurrent periodontitis occurs because the patient did not control the bacterial plaque biofilm and/or the periodontal disease was not adequately treated.

A

. Both statements are true.

47
Q

The difference in severity between Stage II periodontitis and Stage III periodontitis is that:

A

probing depths in Stage II periodontitis do not measure more than 4 mm ,whereas in Stage III periodontitis, they measure equal to or over 5 mm.

48
Q

The therapeutic endpoints of periodontal therapy include all of the following, except:
A. reduction of periodontal pockets by 3 mm.
B. elimination of microbial etiology.
C. preserving teeth and periodontium in a state of health.
D. preventing reoccurrence of periodontal disease.

A

a

49
Q

. Which of the following terms are no longer valid diagnostic terms under the current periodontitis classification system?

A

Chronic and aggressive

50
Q

Which of the following is not evidence of disease progression?

A

tooth loss

51
Q

A patient who presents with clear, thin, delicate gingiva is said to have which periodontal biotype?

A

Thin-scalloped

52
Q

Gingival recession is the most common mucogingival deformity. The absence of attached gingiva predisposes a person to gingival recession.

A

both true

53
Q

A patient who presents with marginal tissue recession that does not extend to the mucogingival junction is said to have which of the following Miller Classifications?

A

Class I

54
Q

A patient who exhibits loss of interproximal attachment associated with horizontal bone loss is said to have which Cairo Classification?

A

RT2

55
Q

Compared to the other biotypes, the thick-flat biotype is

A

more resilient

56
Q

The periodontal biotype can vary even among different teeth within the same individual. All biotypes confer a risk for the development and progression of mucogingival deformities.

A

The first statement is true; the second is false.

57
Q

What percentage of individuals older than 65 years have at least one site with gingival recession?

A

88%

58
Q

The hygienist is trying to determine a patient’s biotype. When he inserts the periodontal probe into the gingival sulcus, he notes that the outline of the periodontal probe tip is not visible through the gingival tissue. This indicates that the patient’s biotype is:

A

thick

59
Q

Risk factors for developing recession of the gingival margin include all of the following, except:
A. gingival thickness greater than 1 mm.
B. orthodontics.
C. mechanical trauma.
D. narrow zone of keratinized tissue.

A

a

60
Q

Which of the following is a valid critique of the Miller classification system?
A. It is too easy to differentiate Miller Class I from Class II.
B. The reliability of the classification system has not been tested in a clinical setting.
C. The Miller classification has too narrow a definition for the amount of interproximal soft/hard-tissue loss to differentiate a Miller Class III from Class IV.
D. The Miller classification system is too recent to have adequate clinical data on its applicability to clinical practice.

A

b

61
Q

. In most cases, RT3 recession defects are associated with:

A

an interproximal infrabony defect

62
Q

Surgical therapy is not warranted based solely on:
A. the presence of thin gingival tissue.
B. the absence of keratinized tissue.
C. gingival recession.
D. Surgical therapy is not warranted based solely on any of the options.

A

d

63
Q

An aberrant frenum may:
A. limit movement of the cheek.
B. limit movement of the tongue.
C. pull the gingival margin away from the tooth.
D. All of these are correct.

A

d

64
Q

Variations in periodontal anatomy are common. However, variation in mucogingival anatomy always indicates a periodontal abnormality.

A

The first statement is true; the second is false.

65
Q

Which crown dimension is associated with the thick-scalloped tissue biotype?

A

slendar

66
Q

The presence of a wide band of keratinized tissue is favorable because:

A

it offers greater resistance to tissue recession.

67
Q

. For close to four decades, the ______ classification system was the most widely followed and most widely accepted gingival recession classification system.

A

miller

68
Q

Clinicians may surgically intervene if gingival recession is associated with:
A. esthetic improvement.
B. dentin hypersensitivity.
C. reduced root caries activity.
D. mechanically induced gingival inflammation.

A

b

69
Q

The portion of the implant that protrudes through the tissue into the mouth is called the:
A. implant fixture.
B. abutment post.
C. prosthesis.
D. implant body.

A

b

70
Q

The tissues that surround the implant are termed the:
A. peri-implant tissues.
B. transgingival tissues.
C. periodontium.
D. None of these is correct.

A

a

71
Q

The biologic seal functions as a barrier between the implant and the oral cavity. A sulcus lined by sulcular epithelium surrounds the implant abutment post.

A

both true

72
Q

All of the following are true about dental implants, except:
A. gingival fibers and periodontal ligaments do not attach to the titanium surface of the implant.
B. periodontal pathogens destroy bone more rapidly along a dental implant than natural tooth.
C. there is keratinized tissue around the dental implant, as in a natural tooth.
D. the implant is surrounded by junctional epithelium, connective tissue, and alveolar bone.

A

c

73
Q

Osseointegration is regarded as successful if there is:

A

absence of gingival inflammation of peri-implant tissues.

74
Q

Connective tissue fibers run perpendicular to the implant surface. Junctional epithelium does not attach to the implant surface.

A

both false

75
Q

The term for periodontitis in the tissues surrounding an osseointegrated dental implant, resulting in loss of alveolar bone, is called:

A

peri-implantitis.

76
Q

The same bacteria that are pathogenic to natural teeth can be detrimental to dental implants. Smoking is not an additional risk factor in implant failures.

A

t,f

77
Q

Dental implants should be checked radiographically at least:

A

once a year

78
Q

Which of the following scalers is best for instrumenting around implants?
A. Sickle scaler constructed of plastic
B. Universal ultrasonic tip
C. A gold-tipped curette
D. Scaler made of titanium

A

d

79
Q

Calculus on implants is easy to remove because it does not interlock with the surface. Light pressure with a plastic instrument is all that is needed.

A

t,f

80
Q

All of the following statements are true about probing an implant, except:
A. no probing is recommended as a part of implant maintenance.
B. probing measurements are taken from a fixed reference point.
C. too much pressure will cause the probe to penetrate the biologic seal.
D. a metal probe may be used if there is light pressure.

A

a

81
Q

. Self-care around the implant can be accomplished using any of the following cleaning aids, except a(n):
A. soft bristle brush.
B. implant floss.
C. standard wire interproximal brush.
D. end-tufted brush.

A

c

82
Q

. Dental implants are used for all of the following, except:
A. to replace a missing tooth.
B. to support a multiunit prosthesis.
C. to prevent periodontitis progression.
D. to support dentures.

A

c

83
Q

. ________ cannot be excluded as a cause of implant failure and/or a cause of unwanted systemic inflammatory effects.
A. Zirconia hypersensitivity reaction
B. Dental biofilm
C. Suboptimal positioning
D. Titanium sensitivity

A

d

84
Q

. Peri-implant mucositis is irreversible. Peri-implantitis may progress in a nonlinear and accelerating pattern.

A

f,t

85
Q

To correct hard-tissue deficiencies, ____ must be performed.
A. implant explantation
B. ridge augmentation with bone grafting
C. hard tissue augmentation
D. ridge augmentation with bone grafting and hard tissue augmentation

A

d

86
Q

How long after abutment connection is postoperative healing considered complete?

A

3months

87
Q

The presence of _____ is a foreboding sign of peri-implant disease and should be immediately addressed.

A

pus

88
Q

The presence of _____ is a foreboding sign of peri-implant disease and should be immediately addressed.

A

0.2mm

89
Q

Before beginning an examination, it is very important to obtain information from the patient related to implant-supported restorations or prostheses. Helpful questions regarding patient-perceived changes since the last appointment include all of the following, except:
A. Are you satisfied with the esthetic outcome of your implant?
B. Do the gums around your implant(s) bleed?
C. Do you notice a bad taste coming from your implant(s)?
D. Have you noticed any changes in your implant(s)?

A

a

periodontics (4 decks)

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