EXAM 2 Flashcards
Fungi are..
heterotrophic eukaryotes
Fungi: a decomposer (Important for nutrient cycling)
What action makes fungi a decomposer?
They absorb nutrients from nonliving organic material
Fungi: parasite
What action makes fungi a parasite?
They absorb nutrients from living hosts. Some are pathogenic (cause disease)
Fungi: a mutualist
What action makes fungi a mutualist?
They absorb nutrients from a host organism, but also benefit the host
What is hyphae
Tiny filaments that form networks and give structure to fungi
What is septa?
Cross walls that divide the hyphae, normally with pores that allow things to move back and forth.
What is mycelium?
Interwoven mass of hyphae that infiltrates their food source
What parts make up the body structure of Fungi?
Fungi Body Structure
Drawing them out is a good idea!
A typical fungus contains of a mass of branched, tubular filaments enclosed by a rigid cell wall. The filaments, called hyphae, branch repeatedly into complicated, radially expanding network called the mycelium, which makes up the thallus, or undifferentiated body, of the typical fungus.
Hyphae (Singlular hypha)
Specialized Hyphae:
What is hausteria?
Modified hyphae that helps some fungi extract nutrients from plants.
What is mycorrhizae?
Fungi that form special relationships with plant roots.
The fungi improve delivery of minerals to the plant
Types of mycorrhizal fungi:
What forms sheaths of hyphae over the surface of the root?
Key words: OVER THE SURFACE
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi
Types of mycorrhizal fungi:
What uses arbuscules to penetrate the plant root cell membrane?
Arbuscles: branching hyphae used to exchange nutrients with the plant host
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
Spores (sexual reproduction):
What is Plasmogamy?
Union of cytoplasms of 2 parent mycelia.
The haploid nuclei usually dont fuse immediately.
Spores (sexual reproduction):
What is Heterokaryon?
Fused mycelium with coexisting, different nuclei
Spores (sexual reproduction):
What is Karyogamy?
When the haploid nuclei fuse together, producing diploid zygotes.
