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Oc Anatomy 2 > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

ciliary process functiion

A

secrete aqueous humor

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2
Q

pars plicata (corona ciliaris)

pars plana (orbicularis ciliaris)

which one is folded, flat, has ciliary process, ora seratta, transition to choroid

A

pars plicata (corona ciliaris)
- folded
-ciliary process

Pars Plana (orbicularis ciliaris)
-transition to choroid
-flat
-ora serata

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3
Q

valleys of kuhnt are where

A

between ciliary processes

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4
Q

what are dentate processes

what part of the eye has serrated patterns that contain dentate

A

elongation of retinal tissue into pars plana

ora serrata

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5
Q

what allows for ciliary body to slide against sclera

what does this part contain

A

supraciliaris

pigment
melanocytes
fibroblasts
collagen bands

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6
Q

Longitudinal muscle fibers

adjacent to
paralelle to
base at

what are stellate shaped terminations or muscle stars

tendon of origin atatches
fibers to _______ and to _________

A

Longitudinal muscle fibers

adjacent to - supraciliaris
paralelle to - sclera
base at - scleral spur
apex is - choid

what are stellate shaped terminations or muscle stars :
insertion of longitudinal ciliary muscles in the anterior one third of the choid

tendon of origin atatches
fibers to ___scleral spur____ and to ____trabecular meshwork_____

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7
Q

which part of the muscle

pulls choroid forward

brings ciliary body closer to lens

A

which part of the muscle

pulls choroid forward
-longitudinal

brings ciliary body closer to lens
-circular

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8
Q

what causes presbyopia

A

increase in CT in ciliary body
decrease in elaticity of tendon on ciliary muscle

Ciliary muscle contraction not affected

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9
Q

what layer of the ciliary body is highly vascularized and has loose ct

where is it between

what does it form

A

stroma

between muscle and epithelial layer

forms ciliary process

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10
Q

the ciliary stroma is continuous with what

A

the iris and choroid stroma

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11
Q

what BV supplies the ciliary body
what is it made of

is it anterior or posterior to the circular muscle

A

Major arterial circle
Long posterior ciliary artery and anterior ciliary art

anterior to the circular muscle

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12
Q

venous drainage
done by what bv
where is this located

A

vortex veins
in choroid

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13
Q

thinnest layer of ciliary body

what does it line

A

epithelium

lines posterior chamber and part of the vitrous chamber and ciliary body

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14
Q

what junction is important for the formation of aqueous and where

A

gap junction in the ciliary epithelium

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15
Q

basement membrane

joins what to what

posteriorly it is continuous with:
anteriorly it is continuous with:

A

basement membrane

joins what to what: pigment epi to stroma

posteriorly it is continuous with: bruchs membrane of choroid
anteriorly it is continuous with:iris epithelium

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16
Q

Non pigment ciliary body cell types and location

A

columnar - pars planar
cuboidal - pars plicata

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17
Q

where is the blood aqeuous barrier located

A

non pigment ciliary epi

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18
Q

what lines posterior chamber

A

internal limiting membrane of ciliary body

it is the basement membrane covering the non pigmented epithelium

located in pars plana region

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19
Q

what is the attatchment site for zonular fibers

A

internal limiting membrane

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20
Q

which has high amounts of mitochondria and why

non or pigmented epithelium

A

non pigmented
because it secretes more aqueous humor

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21
Q

pigment ciliary epithelium is continuosus with what

non pigment ciliary epi contines posteriorly at ______ and anteriorly with

A

pigment - RPE
& anterior iris epi

non pigment ciliary epi continues posteriorly at __ora serrat_ to become neural retina

anterior it is continuois with posterior irsi epith

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22
Q

pigmented ciliary epi transitions to __________
and transitions from nonpig to ___________

internal limiting membrane of ciliary body is continuous with

A

pigmented ciliary epi transitions to – -retinal pigment epi (RPE)

and transitions from nonpig to
—neural retina

internal limiting membrane of ciliary body is continuous with
-internal limiting membrane of retina

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23
Q

aqueous humor function

A

oxygen and glucose , removes waste and maintains shape

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24
Q

aqeuous humor is secreted by and where

A

ciliary epithelium covering the ciliary process , pars plicata

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25
Q

secretion of aqueous humor
what kind of transport
what kinds of gradients

A

active ionic transport
hydrostatic osmotic gradients

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26
Q

where are dense network of dense network of fenestrated capillaries found

A

in the stroma of the cilary body

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27
Q

non pigment faces
pigment faces

A

non pigment faces aquous humor
pigment faces ciliary stroma

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28
Q

what is the complex syncytium

tight junctions are present where

A

formed by pig and non pigment epithelium apical membranes through gap junctions

inbetween nonpigment to as a paracellular barrier

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29
Q

what two mechanisms are responsible for the formation of reservoir of plasma ultrafilrate in the stroma

what is the difference between them

A

diffusion and ultrafiltration
via active secretion

ultrafiltration is bulk flow through finestrated cilary epithelia (semipermeable membrane)

diffusion is movement across from higher to lower concentration

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30
Q

what type of mechanism is pressure sensitive and how does it affect it

A

ultrafiltration
increase in IOP causes decrease in ultrafiltration

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31
Q

aquaporins are located where and during what mechanisms

A

active secretion… located in NPE

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32
Q

Define the the different medications used to decrease pressure and how do they do it

A

alpha 2 adrenergic agonist
-dual mechanisms
-they decrease production
-decrease uveoscleral outflow
-inidine
-purple

B antagonist
-decrease aqueous transmission into posterior chamber
-olol
-yellow cap

carbonc anydrase inhibitor
-oral diamox
-olamide

Rho Kinase Inhibitor
-rhopressa Netarsudil ophtlamic solution
-reverse damage of TM
-increases outflow
-vasodilator reduces episcleral venous pressure

prostaglandins analog
-lumigan, latanoprost, travatan ( most effective)
-remodels ECM in CT causing more space
-increase out flow

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33
Q

Name meds that decrease aqueous production

A

adrenergic agonist
-brimonIDINE

betablockers- adrenergic ANTAGONIST
-olol

34
Q

name meds that increase outflow

A

prostaglandins analog
-lumigan latan, trav
remodels ECM in CT

Rhokinase INHIBITOR
-reverse damage of TM
-vasodilator reduces episcleral venous pressure

35
Q

What is composed of flattened perforated sheets (lattice work branches that interlace)

A

Trabecular meshwork

36
Q

Where is schwabes line

A

The apex of the trabecular meshwork
It is the termination of decemts membrane

37
Q

What encircles the anterior chamber

A

Trabecular meshwork

38
Q

What is has the location of posterior edge of internal sulcus

A

Scleral spur

39
Q

What has circular oriented collagen bundles

A

Scleral spur

40
Q

Scleral spur

attatchment sites …..

Posterior
Anterior

It is continuous with ….

At posterior edge, it blends with

A

Posterior - longitudinal cilary muscle fibers
Anterior - trabecular meshwork sheet

Continuous with trabeculae

At posterior edge its fibers blend with oblique sclearl fibers

41
Q

The outside of the trabecular meshwork lies against

A

Stroma
Sclera schlems canal
Sclera

42
Q

Diffference between uveal mech work and corneoscleral meshwork

A

Uveal
-inner ( nearest to posterior chamber)
-attch to
1. Ciliary stroma
2. Longitudinal muscles fibers
3. Some at iris root

Corneoscleral
- flatter sheets
- outer
- attatch to scleral spur

43
Q

what is convention current

A

flow of aqueous will go up the iris and down the cornea

44
Q

what is the blood aqueous barrier

A

ciliary process and choid are finestrated allow large molecules to exit the blood

but

nonpigment epithelial cells have tight junction occludins that prevents things entering posterior chamber

45
Q

what structure has evagination that extend into juxtacanalicular tissue towards the TM

what are these evaginations called

A

schlemms canal

evaginations are internal collector channels of sondermann

46
Q

does uveitis decrease or increase IOP

A

increases IOP by blocking outflow

decrease IOP by destruction of blood aqueous barrier

47
Q

what are two important aqueous humor components

A

ascorbate
- it free radical scavenger
- 20 X more than in blood
-actively transported to cornea and lens

Proteins
-200 X less than in blood

48
Q

anterior chamber is where what two things meet

A

corneoscleral coat
uveal coat

49
Q

average angle of anterior chamber is

A

36 degreees

50
Q

scleral spur or trabecular meshwork ?

encircles most of the inner aspects of scleral sulcus

continuous with trabeculae

apex at termination of descemts membrane

at posterior edge it blends with oblique scleral fibers

composed of flattened perforated sheets

located at the posterior edge of the internal sulcus

most of the inner aspects of scleral sulcus

fibers blend with oblique scleral fibers

A

encircles most of the inner aspects of scleral sulcus -scleral spur

continuous with trabeculae - spur

apex at termination of descemts membrane - trab

at posterior edge it blends with oblique scleral fibers -scleral spur

composed of flattened perforated sheets -trab

located at the posterior edge of the internal sulcus - spur

most of the inner aspects of scleral sulcus - trab

fibers blend with oblique scleral fibers - spur

51
Q

what is the termination of decemets membrane

A

schwalbes line

52
Q

anterior to posterior what can you see on gonio

A

schwables line
TM - non pigmen
TM - pig
scleral spur
Ciliary body
iris root

53
Q

what is imbert fick principle

A

used for applanation

it is the pressure = force to flatten / area of flattening

54
Q

when is pressure higher laying down or sitting

A

laying down

55
Q

name two ways that the aqeuous drains

which one is most common and by what percent

A

50-75%via trabecular outflow

56
Q

episcleral venous system is formed by what

A

aqueous veins

57
Q

anterior limit of schlemms canal is where

A

in between TM pigmented and TM nonpigmented

SC is closer to pigment

58
Q

what layer has the highest resistance for aqueous flow

A

juxtacanalicular tissue has narrowest spaces

59
Q

cilliary muscle contraction does what to outflow

A

it decreases the outflow resistance by widening spaces between the sheets

60
Q

what is visible on gonio if examiner applys pressure
why does this occur

A

schlems canal
looks like a red line

episcleral venous pressure exceeds IOP

61
Q

Schlemms canal location in terms of TM

how does aqueous humor difuse into schlemms canal

A

SC is behind TM

difuses passively

62
Q

what are internal collector channels of sondermann

A

they are evagninations that extend from schlemms canal to TM

they increase the surface area of the canal

63
Q

what are two structions of schlemms canal and what are their purposes

A

internal collector channel
-increase surface area extrends from schlemms to TM

giant vacuoles
-helps transport large molecules across epithelium

64
Q

external collector channel branches and empty into what

where do these drain into

A

external collector channel drains and branches to deep scleral and intrascleral PLEXUS which drains into episcleral conjunctival veins

65
Q

what two ways does aqeuous veins branch from

what part of the eye does it feed into the episcleral vein

A

directly from schlemms or from external aqueous collecting channel

a the limbus

66
Q

what kind of drug is pilo and how does it affect pressure

A

it is a cholenergic agonist
it contracts ciliary muscles and therefore allows more space between layers and decreased outflow resistance

67
Q

explain how IOP affects episcleral veins

A

high pressures cause white veins
low pressures causes filling with blood

68
Q

which method of outflow is not affected by IOP

explainthe routes for this method

A

uveoscleral

through uveal meshwork> CT around ciliary muscles > suprachoidal space> absorbed by sclera> anterior ciliary and vortex veins

69
Q

increased resistance is usually do what tissue

A

juxtacanalicular tissue

70
Q

how does age affect tissues and mechanism that increase risk of GLC

A

-uveosclero unconventional out flow DECREASES
-proliferation of juxtacanalicular tissue INCREASES
-CROSS SECTIONAL DIAMERTER OF SCHLEMMS CANAL REDUCED

71
Q

where is the cilio spinal center of budge

A

c8-T2

72
Q

whats more strong sphincter or dilator

what happens to pupil if edinger westphal nucleus is not inhibited
what happens if midbrain supranaculear is inhibited

A

sphincter

westphal…
if not inhbited = miosis small pupil
if inhibited = dilation

midbrain
if inhbited = dilation awake

72
Q

what inner vation activation is not required for pupil dilation

A

sympathetic

73
Q

Pt has anisicoria worse at night and has different colored eyes this shows that

A

defect was present in early life

74
Q

explain the dilating and miotic gtts

A
75
Q

pupil location

A

inferior nasal

76
Q

pupil reduces retinal illumination by ____ log in _____ seconds

larger or smaller pupils reduce aberation

A

1.5 log in 0.5

smaller pupils reduce aberations

77
Q

describe what is happening if pt has dilated pupil and third nerve palsy

non pupil involved CN3 palsy?

A

the subarachnoid space is being compressed
dure to intracranial aneurysm internal coratid art pituitary tumor

pupil not involved = ischemia

78
Q

describe the locations of pupil fibers and fibers for eoms

A

pupils fiber are outside CN 3 and EOM is inside it

79
Q
A

Oc Anatomy 2 (3 decks)

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