Exam 2

Question 1

Two main producers of biofuel?

Answer 1

USA, Brazil

Question 2

Power-to-fuel techonologies

Answer 2

Carbon and Hydrogen

Question 3

What are strategies to reduce climate impacts of aircraft emissions

Answer 3

1. Technology and design
   1.1 Engine efficiency, age of the plane, weight
2. Air traffic management and operations
   2.1 Network efficiency, optimization of routes
3. Sustainable alternative fuels
   3.1 Or Electric or Hydrogen Planes
4. Airports
   4.1 Noise management
   4.2 Carbon accreditations and environmental certifications
5. Market-based measures
   5.1 ETS
   5.2 Airport charging schemes (landing charge)
6. Adaptation actions
7. People changes in traveling habits (needs vs wants) and compensation of traveling
   7.1 Use of trains, ships
   7.2 increased taxation in tickets

Question 4

Example A, Calculate CO2 emissions using n = m/M formula

Answer 4

n=m/M
n is amount of substance [mol]
m is mass [g]
M is molar mass [g/mol]
1 mol contains 6,022 140 76·1023 particles

We have to calculate how many carbon atoms is in 1 kg of fuel, 1 kg of fuel contains 500 carbons (C)

nc = mc
500g / 12g/mol = 41,7 mol

Combustion reaction C + O2 => CO2

Mass for CO2

mc02 = nc02 * Mco2 = > 41,7mol(12+216) g/mol => 1834 g => 1,8 kg

Question 5

Elaborative question, syntehtic diesel using carbon and hydrogen (Power-to-fuel) technology. What sustainbility aspects are needed to be assessed.

Answer 5

Carbon is sourced from renewable and sustainable feedstocks. (Avoiding fossil carbon sources)

Hydrogen is produced from renewable sources such as electrolysis powered renewable energy

Energy efficiency of the process, lower energy requirements contribute to sustainability

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Social and Eco-social impacts

Question 6

List three feedstocks to produce methanol

Answer 6

Corn, Sugarcane, and Sawdust

Question 7

Emissions from Traffic and their impacts?

Answer 7

CO2 = Climate change, ocean acidification
CO = Pollutant, climate change, POCP
NOx = Acidification, Pollutant, POCP
SO2 = Acidification, Pollutant
PM = Pollutant (Asthma, Lung Cancer, Respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disease, premature delivery, birth defects, low birth weight, and premature death)