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PSYCH 1200 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is consciousness

A

a person’s subjective awareness.

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2
Q

Synchronization

What is Entrainment

A

synchronization between biological rhythms and external cues. For example feeling sleepier as it gets darker outside.

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3
Q

biological processes which alter periodically although external conditions remain constant.

A

Endogenous rhythms

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4
Q

The ‘Preserve and protect hypothesis’ and the ‘restore and repair hypothesis’ are both explanations of what?

A

Why the we sleep

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5
Q

At what stage of sleep do we have theta waves

A

The first stage. (It is also the stage when the breathing and heart rate drops.)

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6
Q

What happens in stage 2

A

we become less responsive to external stimuli and brain activity becomes sporadic. (Sleep spindles and K complexes)

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7
Q

Brain activity slows and it becomes difficult to wake up. What stage is this?

A

Stage 3-4 (delta waves)

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8
Q

In REM sleep what waves do we see

A

Beta waves, also similar to when we are awake.

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9
Q

What was Sigmund Freud’s approach to understanding dreams.

A

The psychoanalytical approach. That dreams are unconscious expressions of wish fulfillment.

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10
Q

What is the ‘Activation Synthesis Approach’.

A

suggests that dreams arise from brain activity originating from bursts of excitatory message arising from brainstem.

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11
Q

Thoughts and concerns being continuous from waking to sleeping is what from what theory?

A

Problem-solving theory.

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12
Q

What are some disorders of sleep? (There are 5)

A

Insomnia, Nightmares, Night terrors, Movement disturbances, Sleep apnea.

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13
Q

Mention the types of insomnia.

A

Onset insomnia, Maintenance insomnia, Terminal Insomnia.

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14
Q

Restless leg syndrome, REM behavior disorder, somnambulism (sleep walking) are all under what?

A

Movement disturbances

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15
Q

Dissociation theory

A

explains hypnosis as a unique state in which consciousness is divided. (like being on autopilot)

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16
Q

emphasizes the degree to which beliefs and expectations contribute to increased suggestibility.

A

Social-Cognitive theory

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17
Q

What is the Default Mode Network (DMN)

A

a pattern of brain activity associated with introspection, self-reflection and future thinking.

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18
Q

List the disorders of consciousness in increasing magnitude

A

Consciousness, Locked-in syndrome, Minimally conscious state, Vegetative state, Coma, Brain death.

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19
Q

What is the Nucleus accumbens used for

A

An area of the brain that activates when a person engages in rewarding behavior.

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20
Q

Problems with long term drug use

A

Tolerance, Physical dependence, psychological dependence.

21
Q

Classes of drugs

A

Stimulants, Hallucinogens, Opiates, Sedatives, Alcohol.

22
Q

What is classical conditioning

A

This is learning that occurs when a stimulus is paired with another stimulus that elicits a response.

23
Q

What are features of classical conditioning

A

Acquisition, Extinction, Generalization, Discrimination.

24
Q

What is the Law of Effect

A

responses followed by satisfaction will occur again, those not followed by satisfaction will become less likely. (It was made by Edward Thorndike)

25
Q

What are some applications of the Law of Effect.

A

Shaping and Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

26
Q

Continuous Reinforcement

A

occurs when every desirable response made is results in reinforcement.

27
Q

Partial Reinforcement

A

occurs when only a particular amount of desired responses is rewarded or when a certain amount of time has passed from the desired behavior before rewarding.

28
Q

What is the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model

A

Sensory Memory to Short-term Memory to Long-term Memory

29
Q

What is Sensory Memory

A

holds memory from senses for a brief moment / period in time.

30
Q

A memory store with a very limited capacity and duration.

A

Short Term Memory.

31
Q

Long-Term Memory

A

A memory store that holds information for an extended period of time.

32
Q

The tendency to recall earlier and later items in a list and not those in the middle is called what

A

The Serial Position Effect

33
Q

Short term memory can hold how many chunks of information at once.

A

7 +OR- 2

34
Q

Phonological Loop, Episodic Buffer and The central executive are all under what model of memory.

A

The working memory model.

35
Q

The storage component that relies on rehearsal and stores information as sounds

A

Phonological Loop

36
Q

Images and sounds, Coherent episodes

What is the Episodic Buffer

A

combination of images and sounds into coherent episodes.

37
Q

What is the Central Executive

A

the center of working memory that coordinates the exchange of information among the three storage components

38
Q

Ambrosia

What are Semantic Memories

A

memory that includes general knowledge and facts about the world. (Ambrosia is a country in eastern Europe bordering with Latvia).

39
Q

Personal experience, first person

What are Episodic Memories

A

personal experiences being recalled in a first-person perspective. (for example how your first crush broke you)

40
Q

What are Procedural Memories

A

Pattern of muscle movements (you know like learning a skill like basketball)

41
Q

Who is Herman Ebbinghaus

A

He made the… um what’s it called. I can’t remember google it.

42
Q

What are intrusion errors

A

when other knowledge intrudes or corrupts a remembered event.

43
Q

Imagination Inflation

A

increased confidence in a false memory as it has been imagined over and over again. (You know that one thing you’ve lied about over and over again for years and you can’t even remember what the actual truth was… yh)

44
Q

Reality Monitoring Errors

A

inability to distinguish imagined memories from reality. (Like when you thought he/she was flirting with you… it was in your head)

45
Q

Source Monitoring Error

A

the inability to properly remember where a memory originated from.

46
Q

Mere Exposure Effect

A

being exposed to a stimuli over and over again increases later preferences.

47
Q

Who came up with the nativist theory

His name sounds chewy.

A

Noam Chomsky (His name sounds chewy)

48
Q

Skinny

Who came up with Behaviourist Theory

A

B.F Skinner (Missed an oppurtunity to be a Dermatologist imo)

49
Q
A

PSYCH 1200 (1 decks)

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