Exam 2 Flashcards
Anomie
a social condition in which norms are weak, conflicting, or absent
Emile Durkheim
Regulations & Integrations –> NEEDS BALANCE
Ex: Dropping your pencil –> getting slapped –> every time. Overregulation –> TOO OVERWHELMING (Structural Functionalist)
Ethnocentrism
Belief in the superiority of one’s nation or ethnic group. –> Judging
Legalistic Approach
deviance defined as violation of the law
Normative Approach
study of development using norms, or average ages, when most children reach specific developmental milestones
Statistical Approach
uses factor analysis, or similar statistical procedures, to identify major personality traits
Moral Entrepreneurs
groups that work to have their moral concerns translated into law
Moral Panic
a widespread and disproportionate reaction to a form of deviance
Stigma
mark of disgrace
Techniques of Neutralization
ways of thinking or rationalizing that help people deflect (or neutralize) society’s norms
Denial of Responsibility
caused by an outside force –> EXCUSES
Denial of Injury
The offender insists that their actions did not cause any harm or damage
Denial of Victim
The offender believes that the victim deserved whatever action the offender committed.
Condemning the Condemners
People who enforce the law and even the victims are also corrupt, immoral
Appeal to Higher Loyalties
Individuals argue that ethics must be ignored to fulfill more important goals
Social Stratification
a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy
Systems of Stratification
slavery - most rigid form
castes systems - confine individuals assigned TIGHT rules social classes - members of social class that share common status & lifestyles
Absolute Poverty
lack of resources to afford basic necessities
Relative Poverty
lack of resources to maintain an average standard living
Intergenerational Mobility
changes in the social position of children relative to their parents –> better of than their parents were
Intragenerational Mobility
movement up or down a social stratification hierarchy within the course of a personal career
Sex
the biological distinction between females and males
Gender
learned attitudes and behaviors that characterize women and men (SOCIAL & CULTURAL EXPECTATIONS)
Transgender
a gender identity or performance that does not fit with cultural norms related to one’s assigned sex at birth
Cisgender
individuals whose gender identity matches his or her biological sex
Intersex
possessing biological sexual characteristics of both sexes (NOT CLEARLY MALE/FEMALE)
Androgynous
having both male and female characteristics
Glass Ceiling
the mostly invisible barrier that keeps women from advancing to the top levels at work
when women become parents, women’s maternal wall increases gender wage gap
Founder: Marilyn Loden
Gender Gap
Difference in political views between men and women
Ethnicity
the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition.
Race
A group of human beings distinguished by physical traits, blood types, genetic code patterns or genetically inherited characteristics. (SOCIAL CONSTRUCT)
Discrimination
Behaving differently, usually unfairly, toward the members of a group.
Individual Discrimination
person-to-person or face-to-face discrimination; the negative treatment of people by other individuals
Institutional Discrimination
negative treatment of a minority group that is built into a society’s institutions (NOT easy to detect, hidden within the institution)
Labeled Deviant
falsely accused
pure deviant
Non-Labeled Deviant
secret deviants
conformist
Secret Deviants
those who have broken the rules but are not caught and/or punished. (Avoid detection & labeling)
Conformist
person who complies with accepted rules and customs
