exam 2 Flashcards
According to the science of race, how many races are there?
there is not a scientifically specific answer
During the 19th and 20th centuries, folk ideas about race were supplemented with ___ justification for treating people of other races differently
scientific
In order to be considered a minority group, a group must be numerical minority (T/F)
false
A 2017 Pew Research Center poll of US adults found that blacks are far more likely than whites to say racism is a “big problem” in our society today
81% of black respondents agreed with the statement, while 53% of white agreed
According to the hypodescent rule:
anyone with one black ancestor is considered black
The name of the movement that notoriously argues for genetic improvements to the human population through scientific manipulation is:
eugenics
It wasn’t until the ___ census that people were allowed to officially identify with two or more races
2000
Which of the following is an example of discrimination?
“I didn’t hire her because she is Asian”
Many tourists are attracted to attend a luau when they visit Hawaii. This is an example of:
commercialization
Which describes a society where many groups are able to coexist without losing their cultural identity?
pluralism
The civil right movement, which took place in the 1950’s and 1960’s, ended the ___ laws
Jim Crow
Which describes a motivation for racism because it boots a person’s sense of self by making them feel superior to someone else?
emotional motive
Which is an example of intersectionality?
black women, gay latino, disabled white women
Racial subordination through ideology is:
hegemony
Which of the following contribute to racism?
ethnocentrism, xenocentrism, stereotypes
Prejudice is a generalization about an entire category of people (T/F)
false
Perhaps ironically, more recent Hispanic immigrants often perform better in school than those who have been here longer. This is called:
immigrant paradox
Racism is not exclusive to the West in general, or the US in particular (T/F)
true
Pluralism exists in societies where many groups are able to coexist without any of them losing their individual qualities (T/F)
true
The “separate but equal” doctrine of segregation was overturned in the famous ___ ruling of 1954
Brown v Board of Education in Topeka
___ is a process aimed at increasingly diversity and equal opportunity by taking race and other minority group factors into consideration in making various decisions, especially those related to hiring
affirmative action
___ race-based discrimination that results from day-to-day operation of social instructions and structures, such as education and employment
institutional racism
___ refers to the fact that individuals’ experience as one type of minority overlap and intersect with other common to another type of minority
intersectionality
___ refers to the facts that institutional discrimination, often even invisible
the invisibility of institutional racism
___ refers to a set of ideas and texts produced by the Global North that served as the bases of systems designed to dominate, control, and exploit the Orient (the East)
orientalism
W.E.B. Du Bois founded ___ magazine and wrote about the struggles of black individuals in society
The Crisis
___ refers to an array of racist ideas/images and racialized stories/tales which is responsible for perpetuating racial stereoptypes, as is seen throughout movies, as is seen throughout movies, music videos, and TV shows
white racial frame
___ movement was the best-known attempt to raise a racial minority out of its sense of inferiority
The Black Power
It has long been the case that the ___ and its majority groups have dominated, controlled, exploited, and oppressed the ___ and its minority groups. Historically, imperialism, colonialism, economic development, Westernization, and Americaniza;on have worked in large part to Northerners’ advantage and to the disadvantage of Southerners. The system that dominates globaliza;on today—neoliberal economics—helps those in the advantaged categories in the Global North and hurts, oDen badly, those in the disadvantaged categories in the Global South (Harvey 2005)
Global North; Global South
___ movement eventually brought the Jim Crow era to an end, but racism and discrimination are still with us
The Civil Rights
Sex is based on social distinctions (T/F)
false
How much do women earn on average for every dollar earned by a white man based on 2013 US Bureau of Labor Statistics?
80 cents
Many female-segregated occupations require education and many male-segregated occupations do not. This may help to explain:
A structural reason for girls’ success in school
Girls often outperform boys on most academic indicators. This is because:
girls are better than boys at noncognitive skills such as following rules and doing homework
The increasing number of women who are being channeled into low-status, poorly paid manual work is referred to as:
female proletarianization
One root cause of gender gap in education is the ___, which is a way that dominant social cultural norms are transmitted through education systems
hidden cirriculuum
___ has become a global concern related to consumption and marketing for girls in the internet age
hypersexualization
The generally known ideas about what one ought to do and what one ought not to do as far as sexual behavior is concerned, is called:
sexual scripts
Emily likes to wear dresses, play with dolls, and paint her nails. These are examples of the various ways Emily is expressing her:
gender
Desire to have sexual relations with someone of the opposite sex is called:
heterosexuality
According to the text, how did industrialization affect gender roles?
it led to the separation of the public and the private spheres
Many female-segregated occupations require education and many male-segregated occupations do not (T/F)
true
More women are falling below the poverty line. This is referred to as:
feminization of poverty
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
women are more likely to be trained in the most prestigious colleges and universities and to obtain doctoral degrees
___, linked to patriarchy, is a set of socially constructed ideas about masculinity that focuses on the interests and desires of men
hegemonic masculinity
Unwanted sexual attention, such as sexually oriented remarks and jokes, advances, and requests that take place in the workplace or in other settings is called:
sexual harassment
___ focuses on social ability rather than intellect, ego-stroking, and acceptance of the roles of mother and wife as a result of gender discrimination within the workplace
emphasized femininity
Arile Hoschschild’s book, The Second Shift, argues that women work outside the home and take care of the majority of household and child care duties within the home as well (T/F)
true
The term ___ is an export from the Global North in the global diffusion of sex and sexuality
gay
The state of the modern US lesbian, gay, and trans rights movement is often connected to
The Stonewall riots of 1969
One of the first questions we ask when we find out someone is having or adopting a baby is “boy or girl?” This is because we consider sex and gender a ___, which is a position that affects all other positions we hold
master status
People who are born with ambiguous reproductive organs are usually referred to as
intersex
More and more women are falling below the poverty line, this is referred to as:
feminization of poverty
The term ___ is used to mean a dominant or idealized form of something
hegemonic
___ means that the characteristics associated with being a male, tall, handsome, young, middle-class, and athletic contribute a dominant form or most idealized vision of masculinity
hegemonic masculinity
___ refers to a socially constructed idea focusing on social ability (rather than intellect), ego stroking, and acceptance of the roles of mother and wife. For example, during the 1950s, women are expected to stay at home and take care of their husband and children’s needs
emphasized feminity
In the First Nations, two-spirit individuals are considered neither male nor female. In Afghanistan, sons are required, so some girls are treated as boys until the age of puberty. These are two examples of:
nonbinary gender
Research on women in the workplace shows that women ___ authority on the job had more diminished mental health than ___
with; women without authroity
Which of the following reasons was given for changes in women’s consumption patterns?
increased participation in the labor forces
Virginity and “coming out” are two examples of what phenomenon?
the use of stories to provide scripts about sexuality
According to the text, which of these previously unacceptable behaviors do the majority (over 50%) of Americans now report as “morally acceptable” based on a 2003 report?
sex between an unmarried man and an unmarried woman
Which of the following is NOT a social change linked to the globalization of sexuality?
decreased mobility
The increasing participation of women in the labor force has been termed the
feminization of labor
Women in the global paid-labor market have been drawn into labor-intensive, low-paying industries. This is called:
female proletarianization
Hamilton and Armstrong define “sexual dilemmas” as:
the difficulty of having contradictory norms around sex when it comes to gender, race, and social class
Globally, men’s consumer habits
are highly variable
___ is the belief that heterosexuality is superior to other sexual orientations, along with individual and institutional discrimination against those with other orientations. ___ and homophobia combine to drive some of the alienation and aggression experienced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans people
heterosexism
Women are thought of as a multiple market. What does this mean?
women buy not only only for themselves but make purchases for other people
According to a survey conducted by National Public Ratio (2017), which of the following are the most frequent experiences by LBGTQ people in the US?
sexual harassment
