exam 2

Question 1

According to the science of race, how many races are there?

Answer 1

there is not a scientifically specific answer

Question 2

During the 19th and 20th centuries, folk ideas about race were supplemented with ___ justification for treating people of other races differently

Answer 2

scientific

Question 3

In order to be considered a minority group, a group must be numerical minority (T/F)

Answer 3

false

Question 4

A 2017 Pew Research Center poll of US adults found that blacks are far more likely than whites to say racism is a “big problem” in our society today

Answer 4

81% of black respondents agreed with the statement, while 53% of white agreed

Question 5

According to the hypodescent rule:

Answer 5

anyone with one black ancestor is considered black

Question 6

The name of the movement that notoriously argues for genetic improvements to the human population through scientific manipulation is:

Answer 6

eugenics

Question 7

It wasn’t until the ___ census that people were allowed to officially identify with two or more races

Answer 7

2000

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of discrimination?

Answer 8

“I didn’t hire her because she is Asian”

Question 9

Many tourists are attracted to attend a luau when they visit Hawaii. This is an example of:

Answer 9

commercialization

Question 10

Which describes a society where many groups are able to coexist without losing their cultural identity?

Answer 10

pluralism

Question 11

The civil right movement, which took place in the 1950’s and 1960’s, ended the ___ laws

Answer 11

Jim Crow

Question 12

Which describes a motivation for racism because it boots a person’s sense of self by making them feel superior to someone else?

Answer 12

emotional motive

Question 13

Which is an example of intersectionality?

Answer 13

black women, gay latino, disabled white women

Question 14

Racial subordination through ideology is:

Answer 14

hegemony

Question 15

Which of the following contribute to racism?

Answer 15

ethnocentrism, xenocentrism, stereotypes

Question 16

Prejudice is a generalization about an entire category of people (T/F)

Answer 16

false

Question 17

Perhaps ironically, more recent Hispanic immigrants often perform better in school than those who have been here longer. This is called:

Answer 17

immigrant paradox

Question 18

Racism is not exclusive to the West in general, or the US in particular (T/F)

Answer 18

true

Question 19

Pluralism exists in societies where many groups are able to coexist without any of them losing their individual qualities (T/F)

Answer 19

true

Question 20

The “separate but equal” doctrine of segregation was overturned in the famous ___ ruling of 1954

Answer 20

Brown v Board of Education in Topeka

Question 21

___ is a process aimed at increasingly diversity and equal opportunity by taking race and other minority group factors into consideration in making various decisions, especially those related to hiring

Answer 21

affirmative action

Question 22

___ race-based discrimination that results from day-to-day operation of social instructions and structures, such as education and employment

Answer 22

institutional racism

Question 23

___ refers to the fact that individuals’ experience as one type of minority overlap and intersect with other common to another type of minority

Answer 23

intersectionality

Question 24

___ refers to the facts that institutional discrimination, often even invisible

Answer 24

the invisibility of institutional racism

Question 25

___ refers to a set of ideas and texts produced by the Global North that served as the bases of systems designed to dominate, control, and exploit the Orient (the East)

Answer 25

orientalism

Question 26

W.E.B. Du Bois founded ___ magazine and wrote about the struggles of black individuals in society

Answer 26

The Crisis

Question 27

___ refers to an array of racist ideas/images and racialized stories/tales which is responsible for perpetuating racial stereoptypes, as is seen throughout movies, as is seen throughout movies, music videos, and TV shows

Answer 27

white racial frame

Question 28

___ movement was the best-known attempt to raise a racial minority out of its sense of inferiority

Answer 28

The Black Power

Question 29

It has long been the case that the ___ and its majority groups have dominated, controlled, exploited, and oppressed the ___ and its minority groups. Historically, imperialism, colonialism, economic development, Westernization, and Americaniza;on have worked in large part to Northerners’ advantage and to the disadvantage of Southerners. The system that dominates globaliza;on today—neoliberal economics—helps those in the advantaged categories in the Global North and hurts, oDen badly, those in the disadvantaged categories in the Global South (Harvey 2005)

Answer 29

Global North; Global South

Question 30

___ movement eventually brought the Jim Crow era to an end, but racism and discrimination are still with us

Answer 30

The Civil Rights

Question 31

Sex is based on social distinctions (T/F)

Answer 31

false

Question 32

How much do women earn on average for every dollar earned by a white man based on 2013 US Bureau of Labor Statistics?

Answer 32

80 cents

Question 33

Many female-segregated occupations require education and many male-segregated occupations do not. This may help to explain:

Answer 33

A structural reason for girls' success in school

Question 34

Girls often outperform boys on most academic indicators. This is because:

Answer 34

girls are better than boys at noncognitive skills such as following rules and doing homework

Question 35

The increasing number of women who are being channeled into low-status, poorly paid manual work is referred to as:

Answer 35

female proletarianization

Question 36

One root cause of gender gap in education is the ___, which is a way that dominant social cultural norms are transmitted through education systems

Answer 36

hidden cirriculuum

Question 37

___ has become a global concern related to consumption and marketing for girls in the internet age

Answer 37

hypersexualization

Question 38

The generally known ideas about what one ought to do and what one ought not to do as far as sexual behavior is concerned, is called:

Answer 38

sexual scripts

Question 39

Emily likes to wear dresses, play with dolls, and paint her nails. These are examples of the various ways Emily is expressing her:

Answer 39

gender

Question 40

Desire to have sexual relations with someone of the opposite sex is called:

Answer 40

heterosexuality

Question 41

According to the text, how did industrialization affect gender roles?

Answer 41

it led to the separation of the public and the private spheres

Question 42

Many female-segregated occupations require education and many male-segregated occupations do not (T/F)

Answer 42

true

Question 43

More women are falling below the poverty line. This is referred to as:

Answer 43

feminization of poverty

Question 44

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Answer 44

women are more likely to be trained in the most prestigious colleges and universities and to obtain doctoral degrees

Question 45

___, linked to patriarchy, is a set of socially constructed ideas about masculinity that focuses on the interests and desires of men

Answer 45

hegemonic masculinity

Question 46

Unwanted sexual attention, such as sexually oriented remarks and jokes, advances, and requests that take place in the workplace or in other settings is called:

Answer 46

sexual harassment

Question 47

___ focuses on social ability rather than intellect, ego-stroking, and acceptance of the roles of mother and wife as a result of gender discrimination within the workplace

Answer 47

emphasized femininity

Question 48

Arile Hoschschild's book, The Second Shift, argues that women work outside the home and take care of the majority of household and child care duties within the home as well (T/F)

Answer 48

true

Question 49

The term ___ is an export from the Global North in the global diffusion of sex and sexuality

Answer 49

gay

Question 50

The state of the modern US lesbian, gay, and trans rights movement is often connected to

Answer 50

The Stonewall riots of 1969

Question 51

One of the first questions we ask when we find out someone is having or adopting a baby is "boy or girl?" This is because we consider sex and gender a ___, which is a position that affects all other positions we hold

Answer 51

master status

Question 52

People who are born with ambiguous reproductive organs are usually referred to as

Answer 52

intersex

Question 53

More and more women are falling below the poverty line, this is referred to as:

Answer 53

feminization of poverty

Question 54

The term ___ is used to mean a dominant or idealized form of something

Answer 54

hegemonic

Question 55

___ means that the characteristics associated with being a male, tall, handsome, young, middle-class, and athletic contribute a dominant form or most idealized vision of masculinity

Answer 55

hegemonic masculinity

Question 56

___ refers to a socially constructed idea focusing on social ability (rather than intellect), ego stroking, and acceptance of the roles of mother and wife. For example, during the 1950s, women are expected to stay at home and take care of their husband and children's needs

Answer 56

emphasized feminity

Question 57

In the First Nations, two-spirit individuals are considered neither male nor female. In Afghanistan, sons are required, so some girls are treated as boys until the age of puberty. These are two examples of:

Answer 57

nonbinary gender

Question 58

Research on women in the workplace shows that women ___ authority on the job had more diminished mental health than ___

Answer 58

with; women without authroity

Question 59

Which of the following reasons was given for changes in women's consumption patterns?

Answer 59

increased participation in the labor forces

Question 60

Virginity and "coming out" are two examples of what phenomenon?

Answer 60

the use of stories to provide scripts about sexuality

Question 61

According to the text, which of these previously unacceptable behaviors do the majority (over 50%) of Americans now report as "morally acceptable" based on a 2003 report?

Answer 61

sex between an unmarried man and an unmarried woman

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT a social change linked to the globalization of sexuality?

Answer 62

decreased mobility

Question 63

The increasing participation of women in the labor force has been termed the

Answer 63

feminization of labor

Question 64

Women in the global paid-labor market have been drawn into labor-intensive, low-paying industries. This is called:

Answer 64

female proletarianization

Question 65

Hamilton and Armstrong define "sexual dilemmas" as:

Answer 65

the difficulty of having contradictory norms around sex when it comes to gender, race, and social class

Question 66

Globally, men's consumer habits

Answer 66

are highly variable

Question 67

___ is the belief that heterosexuality is superior to other sexual orientations, along with individual and institutional discrimination against those with other orientations. ___ and homophobia combine to drive some of the alienation and aggression experienced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans people

Answer 67

heterosexism

Question 68

Women are thought of as a multiple market. What does this mean?

Answer 68

women buy not only only for themselves but make purchases for other people

Question 69

According to a survey conducted by National Public Ratio (2017), which of the following are the most frequent experiences by LBGTQ people in the US?

Answer 69

sexual harassment