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O-Chem 1 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Brønsted-Lowry Acid

A

A compound that can donate a proton

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2
Q

Bronsted-Lowry Base

A

A compound that can accept a proton

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3
Q

Lewis Acid

A

any species that can accept electrons

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4
Q

Lewis Base

A

any species that can donate electrons

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5
Q

Ionic Bond

A

a bond between two atoms differing in electronegativity by > 2

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6
Q

Polar-Covalent Bond

A

a bond between two atoms differing in electronegativity by 0.5 - 2

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7
Q

Covalent Bond

A

a bond between two atoms differing in electronegativity by < 0.5

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8
Q

Enthalpy

A

the energy involved when bonds break or are formed

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9
Q

Bond Breaking is…

A

endothermic, +

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10
Q

Bond Forming is….

A

exothermic, -

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11
Q

Low pKa’s

A

Strong acid and weak conjugate base

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12
Q

High pKa’s

A

Weak acid and strong conjugate base

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13
Q

Bond Strength Effect

A

acidity increases as you go DOWN a group in the periodic table

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14
Q

Electronegativity Effect

A

acidity increases as you go from left to right across the periodic table

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15
Q

Effective Electronegativity of Carbons

A

Sp > Sp2 > Sp3

Sp = more acidic
Sp3= less acidic

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16
Q

Resonance Stabilization

A

the more resonances structures = stronger acid

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17
Q

Induction

A

long range electron pull in a molecule caused by the presence of electronegative atoms or electron withdrawing groups.

Helps to delocalize charge in a molecule, although it’s not nearly as good at delocalization as is resonance!

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18
Q

Where should the arrow point for acid-base reactions

A

it should always goes towards the weaker acid

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19
Q

Undecane

A

11

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20
Q

Dodecane

A

12

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21
Q

Tridecane

A

13

22
Q

Tetradecane

A

14

23
Q

Pentadecane

A

15

24
Q

Hexadecane

A

16

25
Q

Heptadecane

A

17

26
Q

Octadecane

A

18

27
Q

Nonadecane

A

19

28
Q

Eicosane

A

20

29
Q

What’s IUPAC stand for?

A

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

30
Q

What’s Dihedral Angle?

A

distance between reference subs

31
Q

Lower NRG more or less stable?

A

more (Staggered)

32
Q

higher NRG more or less stable?

A

less (eclipsed)

33
Q

Torsional Strain

A

strain from bond-pair/bond-pair repulsion

34
Q

True or False

substitutions can affect torsional strain?

A

true

35
Q

What increases torsional strain?

A
  • size increase (steric effect)
  • increase of number of substituents
36
Q

What’s more stable Gauche or Anti?

A

Anti

37
Q

Fully eclipsed

A

2 largest constituents are on top of each other

38
Q

Anti Staggered

A

2 largest constituents are far apart as they possible could be

39
Q

Gauche Staggered

A

2 largest constituents closest to each other

40
Q

What does combustion always produce?

A

H2O and CO2

41
Q

Number of carbons (molecular weight) increases what?

A

heat combustion

42
Q

The greater the amount of energy released = …….

A

the less stable

43
Q

true or false

different conformations of molecules have different stabilities

A

true

44
Q

Angle Strain

A

deviation of the C-C bond angles from ideal

45
Q

What the major component of ring strain?

A

angle strain

46
Q

What makes up ring strain?

A

angle strain + torsional strain

47
Q

Puckered

A

4 carbons

48
Q

Envelope

A

5 carbons

49
Q

Half-Chair

A

multiple sets of eclipsing H’s

50
Q

Boat

A

Flagpole interaction

51
Q

Twist-Boat

A

Reduce Flagpole interaction

52
Q

Rank least to most stable…

-chair
- boat
- half chair
-twisted boat

A

Stable - Chair
twist boat
boat
least - half chair

O-Chem 1 (2 decks)

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