Exam 2 Flashcards
The epidermis of skin consists of what type of epithelium?
stratified squamous keratinized
Melanocyte cells of the epidermis serve what function
secretes a pigment that protects UV irradiation
Langerhans cells function as
antigen presenting cells (immune function)
macrophages are also known as
phagocytes, only presenting if epidermis is broken (healing)
Merkel cells function as
tactile (touch) receptors
keratinocyte cells function to
make keratin
chondrocytes are found in
every type of cartilage
chondrocytes function to
maintain the ECM of cartilage
fibrous perichondrium is found
outside of respiratory tract cartilage
fibrous perichondrium functions in
regeneration
compact bone in long bones in
layers called lamellae
pacinian (lamellated) corpuscles are found in
the deep dermis of the skin
pacinian (lamellated) corpuscles function to
detect high frequency vibrations
osteocytes function in
bone remodeling
osteocytes secrete
acids that resorp bone matrix and give calcium to the blood
sebaceous glands are also known as
holocrine glands
sebaceous glands function to
disintegrate to secrete oil, keeping our skin moisturized and waterproof
stratum corneum layer of skin is made of layers of
keratinized squamous cells
stratum corneum functions to
protect us from friction, water loss, and bacterial infections
apocrine sweat glands are found in
axillae and perineal areas
which cells are most abundant in bone
osteocytes
osteocytes function as
mechanosensors
the most common type of cartilage is
hyaline
most calcium in the body is stored as
hyroxyapatite
cartilage is hard to repair in adults
true
cartilage is connective tissue and avascular
true
the inner connective tissue lining of trabeculae/spongy bone is
endosteum
diaphysis
shaft of long bones
epiphyses
ends of long bones
periosteum
outside connective tissue of spongy bone
perichondrium
outside of cartilage
blood vessels enter bone through
perforating canals
osteoclasts are mostly found in the bone matrix
false
the epidermis has no microvasculature so it uses
diffusion
the dermis contains what type of connective tissue
mesodermal
subcutaneous skin has what type of connective tissue
fat and loose
epidermal ridges are interdigitate with
dermal papillae
what layer is located beneath the epidermis
papillary layer
what layer is found beneath the papillary layer
reticular layer
what two layers make up the dermis
papillary and reticular
what cells are located beneath the blood vessels
adipocytes
sensory receptors are found in which layer of skin
reticular (dermis)
the epidermis metabolic functions serve to
synthesize vitamin D3, electrolyte removal, and fat energy storage
the epidermis sexual signaling functions to
make up features, indicate health visually, and release sex phormones
the most superficial layer of epidermis is the
stratum corneum
stratum corneum contain
dead anucleate and keritanocytes
stratum corneum function to prevent
friction and water loss
stratum lucidum is located
only in thick skin, below corneum
stratum lucidum contain
only dead anucleate
the middle layer is
stratum granulosum
stratum granulosum contain
keratinocytes with hyaline granules
beneath the granulosum is the
stratum spinosum
stratum spinosum contain
karatinocytes joined by desomosomes
what type of cells are found in stratum spinosum
langerhans
which layer of epidermis is the thickest
stratum spinosum
the deepest layer of epidermis is
stratum basale
stratum basale are a single layer of
columnar cells on the basement membrane
stratum basale contain filaments of
keratin, creates new skin
stratum basale is the site for
mitosis
which cells are found in stratum basale layer that function in mitosis
merkel cells and melanocytes
melanocytes function to
synthesize melanin and transfer to keratinocytes
Langerhan’s cells are what type of cells
antigen presenting, for skins immunity
the dermis contains rich vasculature for nutrition and thermoregulation
true
reticular layers provide the skin with
elasticity
the anchoring fibrils of collagen insert into which layer
basal lamina
free nerve endings function to
detect hair movement, pain, temp, and mechanical movements
meissner corpuscles are located in the
dermal papillae
lamellated corpuscles are located
deep, among adipose
ruffini corpuscles function in
tissue distortion and stretch/twist of skin
hair is also known as
elongated keratinized structures
hair is found in
epidermal invaginations
dermal papilla and arrector pili muscles work to
pull the hair follicles erect which traps air and keeps us warm
the hair bulb matrix functions to
proliferate to differentiate the 3 layers
nails are hard, keratinized structures
true
nails can be used to
gauge oxygen in blood
what are the three types of exocrine glands
sebaceous, apocrine, and eccrine
sebaceous glands function in
holicrine and oily sebum excretion
sebaceous glands contain
lipid producing sebocytes that contain small fat droplets
apocrine glands release
protein rich sweat
eccrine glands function to
empty secretion onto surface via pores for thermoregulation
clear cells are found on
basal lamina
clear cells function to produce
sweat
dark cells produce
bacterial peptides
dark cells are found
bordering lumen
myoepithelial cells function to
contract to move watery secretion into the ducts
during repair macrophages and neutrophils function to
enter wound as inflammation begins to remove debris and bacteria
during repair epithelial cells function to
move beneath/through blood clots (forms scab)
during repair fibroblasts function to
proliferate and produce new collagen to form granulation tissue
cartilage is tough connective tissue full of chondrocytes in ECM lacunae
true
cartilage has both mechanical and protective roles
true
the three types of cartilage are
elastic, hyaline, and fibrocartilage
elastic cartilage can be found in the
ears
elastic cartilage allows for
flexibilty
elastic cartilage contains
dark bundles
hyaline cartilage is the most common
true
hyaline cartilage can be found to be
articular and costal
fibrocartilage can be found in
intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis
hyaline is 75% water
true
the high water content pf cartilage allows it to work as a
shock absorber
cartilage contains vascular and nerve supply
false
perichondrium is essential for
growth and maintenance
perichondrium is dense connective tissue that harbors blood supply
true
perichondrium is found in fibrocartilage and articular cartilage
false
perichondrium gets oxygen and blood supply from
diffusion in synovial fluid
perichondrium forms through
chondrogenisis (embryonic mesenchyme)
interstitial growth is the process of
mitotic division on preexisting chrondrocytes
interstitial growth happens
mostly in fetus, helps to extend long bones
appositional growth is the process of
chondroblast differentiation from progenitor cells in the perichondrium
except in kids, cartilage damage is repaired slowly and often incomplete
true
perichondrium creates
a scar of dense connective tissue instead of forming new collagen
