exam 2 Flashcards
What makes an alkene more stable?
The more substituents, the ore stable the alkene, trans alkenes are also more stable than cis.
Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Ranking
The higher the atomic number, the higher the priority. The more bonds on the second priority atom, the higher the priority.
Hydrocarbon unsaturation
D=[(2c+2)-H]/2
halogen unsaturation
d=[(2c+2)-(H+X)]/2
nitrogen unsaturation
D=[(2c+2)-(H-N)]/2
endergonic
products end higher than reactants, +^G, k<1, not spontaneous
exergonic
reactant’s start higher than products, -^G, k>1, spontaneous
nucleophile
negatively charged or neutral with extra pair of valance electrons or a double bond, donates the electrons
electrophile
positively charged or neutral, accepts an electron pair
addition reaction
occurs when two reactants get added together to form a single product
Elimination reactions
occurs when a single reactant splits into two products
substitution reaction
occurs when two reactants exchange parts to give two new products
rearrangement reaction
occurs when a single reactant undergoes a reorganization of bonds and atoms to yield an isometric product
pka/b-ka/b
-x=1*10^x
stereoisomers
compounds who’s atoms are connected in the same order but with different spatial arrangement
enantiomers
mirror images (hands)- opposite directional rotation plane
diastereomers
Cis and Trans.
meso compounds
compounds that contain chirality centers bit are achiral because they contain a symmetry plane
chiral
not superimposable on its mirror images (hands!)
achiral
has a plane of symmetry
