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Crim 101 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

CompStat

A

A crime-analysis and police-management process built on crime-mapping that was developed by the NYPD in the 1990’s

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2
Q

Fusion Center

A

A multiagency law enforcement facility designed to enhance cooperative efforts through a coordinated process for collection, sharing, and analyzing information in order to develop actionable intelligence

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3
Q

Interpol

A

International Criminal Police Organization
-Began in 1946
-182 member nations today

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4
Q

Chain of Command

A

The unbroken line of authority that extends through all levels of an organization, from the highest to lowest

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5
Q

Span of Control

A

The number of police personnel or the number of units supervised by a particular officer

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6
Q

Unity of Command

A

Every individual officer has only one supervisor

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7
Q

Evidence-based policing

A

The single most powerful force for change in policing today
-EBP uses research into everyday police procedures to evaluate current practices
-Involves the use of the best available research on the outcomes of police work to implement guidelines and evaluate agencies, units, and officers.

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8
Q

Discretion

A

Police discretion is the exercise of choice in the decisions to investigate or apprehend, the disposition of suspects, carrying out of official duties, and the application of sanctions.

Patrolling officers often decide against a strict enforcement of the law, preferring instead to handle situations informally

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9
Q

Landmark case

A

A precedent-setting court decision that produces substantial changes in the understanding of the requirements of due process and the practical day-to-day operations of the system

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10
Q

Exclusionary rule

A

Evidence illegally seized by the police cannot be used in a trial

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11
Q

Good faith exception

A

Evidence seized on the basis of good faith, but later shown to be a mistake, may still be used in court

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12
Q

Plain view doctrine

A

Evidence visible to the police may be seized without a warrant as long as the police have a legal right to be in the viewing area and cause to believe the evidence is somehow associated with criminal activity

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13
Q

Probable cause

A

A set of facts that would induce a reasonable person to believe that a crime was committed

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14
Q

Reasonable suspicion

A

Would justify an officer in making further inquiry or in conduction further investigation

-Sufficient for an investigative detention but not arrest

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15
Q

Fleeting target exception

A

An exception to the exclusionary rule that permits law enforcement officers to search a motor vehicle based on probable cause and without a warrant

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16
Q

Suspicionless search

A

A search conducted without a warrant and without suspicion

Compelling interest
-A legal concept that provides a basis for suspicion less searches when public safety is an issue

Think entering football games and they check your bag

17
Q

Police subculture

A

-A particular set of values, beliefs, and acceptable forms of behavior with which the police profession strives to imbue new recruits

-This process of informal socialization plays a bigger role than the formal police academy training

18
Q

Slippery slope

A

Even a small thank you accepted from a member of the public can lead to more ready acceptance of larger bribes.

19
Q

1983 lawsuit

A

A civil suit brought under Title 42, section 1983 of the U.S. code against anyone who denies others their constitutional right to life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

Bivens claim for federal peeps

20
Q

Mission of police

A

Enforcing the law, Apprehending offenders, preventing crime, Predicting crime, preserving the peace, providing services

21
Q

Benefits of crime mapping

A

Find crime hot spots so agencies can develop strategies to help control crime in these high risk areas

22
Q

Levels of law enforcement

A

Federal - State - Local

23
Q

Size of U.S. police departments

A

Varies

24
Q

Importance of civilian employees

A
25
Q

Eras of policing

A

-Political (1840 - 1930s)
-Reform era (1930 - 1970s)
-Community policing era (1970s - today)
-New era (2001 - today)

26
Q

Styles of policing

A

-Watchman
Primarily concerned with order maintenance
Control illegal and disruptive behavior
Political era
-Legalistic
Enforce the letter of the law
Reform era
-Service
Meet the needs of the community
Common today

27
Q

Police-community relations

A

(PCR)
An area of police activity that recognizes the need for community and the police to work together effectively

28
Q

Preventive patrol experiment

A

The Kansas City Experiment
-First large scale scientific study of law enforcement practices
-Divided the patrol zones into proactive, reactive, and control
-No significant differences in crime rate or citizen fear of crime

29
Q

Warrantless searches

A

Need reasonable suspicion
-Would justify an officer in making further inquiry or in conduction further investigation

30
Q

Ability to drug test officers

A

Many departments require all officers to submit to routine drug testing

The courts have supported drug testing based on a reasonable suspicion that drug abuse has been or is occurring

31
Q

Effect of stress on officers

A

The amount of stress an officer experiences is directly related to his or her reactions to potentially stressful situations

32
Q

Local law enforcement role regarding terrorism

A

Law enforcement agencies at all levels now devote an increased amount of time and other resources to preparing for possible terrorist attacks and gathering intelligence necessary to thwart them

33
Q

Types of Criminal Intelligence

A

Strategic
-Planning
-What do we need to do to combat this

Tactical
-How do we carry out this plan

34
Q

Racial profiling

A

Any police-initiated action that relies on the race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than the behavior of an individual or on information that leads the police to a particular individual who has been identified as being engaged in criminal activity
-Being in the wrong car
-Being in the wrong neighborhood

35
Q

Use of force issues

A

Deadly force, Suicide by cop, Excessive force

Excessive force
-The application of an amount or frequency of force greater than required to compel compliance from a willing or unwilling subject

36
Q

Gender diversity in law enforcement

A

Female officers are often underutilized
Departments hesitate to assign women to patrol

Crim 101 (5 decks)

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