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Psych Exam 2 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensation

A

It is the physical effect of an environmental stimulus on a sensory organ receptor. Unprocessed, unorganized

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2
Q

Perception

A

the brain’s organization & interpretation of that physical effect. The brain will “fill in” information. Usually adaptive, but perception may not match reality

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3
Q

Transduction

A

the process through which sensory organs transform mechanical, chemical, or light energy into neural impulses

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4
Q

What is an absolute threshold, and how is it different from a “just noticeable difference”?

A

Absolute threshold: lowest level (minimum physical intensity) of a stimulus we can detect (50% of the time. Just Noticeable Difference (JND): Smallest amount of change in a stimulus we can detect

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5
Q

What two psychophysicists were known for groundbreaking research in this area? (absolute threshold, JND)

A

Ernst Weber & Gustav Fechner

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6
Q

Weber’s law

A

Stronger the stimulus, the larger the JND

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7
Q

What is “sensory adaptation”?

A

Sensory receptors are most active when a stimuli is first detected; reduced response to continual exposure

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8
Q

What is the point of the “Monkey Business Illusion”?

A

Failure to detect stimuli that are in plain sight when our attention is focused elsewhere

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9
Q

What are the five types of senses that we examined in lecture and in the textbook?

A

hearing, taste, smell, vision, and touch

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10
Q

What role does the thalamus play in sensation and perception?

A

The thalamus relays sensory impulses from receptors in various parts of the body to the cerebral cortex.

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11
Q

What sense is not relayed through the thalamus to the cortex?

A

information related to smell

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12
Q

What are the three properties of light that we studied?

A

Brightness, saturation, and hue

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13
Q

Brightness

A

intensity, as in number of photons

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14
Q

Saturation

A

how colorful the light is, as in proportion of colored to non-colored light

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15
Q

Hue

A

the color of light, as in wavelength

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16
Q

Major structures of the eye

A

pupil, iris, cornea & lens, retina, fovea

17
Q

two types of light receptors and where in the eye they are located

A

Cones and rods. Located in the retina.

18
Q

Where does transduction of light occur?

A

The cones and rods

19
Q

What are the three properties of sound that we studied?

A

Pitch, loudness, and timbre

20
Q

Pitch

A

wave frequency

21
Q

Loudness

A

amplitude of the soundwaves

22
Q

Timbre

A

quality or complexity

23
Q

What are the major structures of: the outer ear?

A

pinna and ear canal

24
Q

What are the major structures of: the middle ear?

A

Ossicles: Three bones—hammer, anvil, stirrup

25
Q

What are the major structures of: the inner ear?

A

Cochlea. Hair cells- Organ of Corti & Basilar Membrane, Contain cilia

26
Q

Where exactly does transduction of sound occur?

A

in the mechanoreceptive hair cells anchored in the organ of Corti

27
Q

What are the two chemical senses?

A

taste and smell

28
Q

What are considered to be the five basic tastes?

A

Salty, Sweet, Umami, Bitter, Sour

29
Q

Which three basic tastes are understood to have evolved because they promoted fitness ancestrally, and why?

A

salty, sweet, umami

30
Q

Which two tastes are understood to have evolved because they helped identify fitness threats ancestrally?

A

bitter and sour

31
Q

What fitness threats correspond to which tastes?

A

bitter- plant toxins sour- bacteria/pathogens/micro-organisms

32
Q

What do we know about sex differences in gustation?

A

women have more taste buds than men

33
Q

Why do psychologists argue that there is no single “skin sense?”

A

The skin contains receptors for multiple sensations

34
Q

What kinds of different receptors are found in the skin?

A

Merkel’s Disks (touch)Meissner’s Corpuscle (touch)Ruffini Endings (temperature)Pacinian corpuscle (pressure)Free nerve endings AKA nociceptors (pain)

35
Q

What are the body senses and how do they differ from one another?

A

Kinesthesis and Equilibrium

36
Q
A
37
Q
A

Psych Exam 2 (1 decks)

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